Fused heterocyclic ring derivative and use thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a fused heterocycle derivative having a strong Smo inhibitory activity, and use thereof. 
     Specially, the present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula 
                         
wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or salt thereof, and a medicament containing the compound or a prodrug thereof, which is an Smo inhibitor or an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancer.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a fused heterocycle derivative and usethereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a compoundhaving a strong Smo inhibitory activity and useful for the prophylaxisor treatment of cancer and the like, and use thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The study of morphogenesis during the developmental stage has beenconducted based on the screening of variant using Drosophila. Hedgehoggene (hh) was found as one of the genes that cause morphologicalabnormality of Drosophila embryo due to mutation thereof. Hedgehog geneproduct (Hh) is a secretory protein, which is produced as an about 45kDa precursor and then divided, due to autolysis, into a 20 kDaN-terminal side domain, which is a main active principle, and a 25 kDaC-terminal side domain. The 20 kDa N-terminal side domain, which is amain active principle, is modified by fatty acid on the N-terminal andcholesterol on the C-terminal thereof. The Hedgehog signal transductionsystem is formed by the protein group described below. Hh receptor isPatched (Ptch), which is a twelve-transmembrane-type protein. Ptch actson Smoothened (Smo), which is a seven-transmembrane-type protein, andsuppresses the function of Smo in the absence of Hh. When Hh is bound tothe receptor Ptch, suppression of Smo is released and Smo is activated.The signal produced by the activation of Smo activates transcriptionfactor Ci, which regulates the expression of the gene group involved inthe morphogenesis (Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., vol. 12, pages 503-511,2002).

A pathway corresponding to the Drosophila Hedgehog signal transductionsystem has been confirmed also in mammals. In human, for example, threetypes of gene products, sonic hedgehog (Shh), indian hedgehog (Ihh) anddesert hedgehog (Dhh), are known to correspond to Drosophila Hh, andundergo post-translational modification as in Drosophila Hh (Cell, vol.103, pages 371-374, 2000). In human Shh, a 19 kDa active principle iscleaved out from a 45 kDa precursor protein by autolysis, and fatty acidis added to the N-terminal thereof, and cholesterol is added to theC-terminal thereof (J. Biol. Chem., vol. 273, pages 14037-14045, 1998).Such modification is considered to be essential for the maintenance ofShh activity and, for example, 40 times enhanced activity was achievedby the addition of palmitic acid to Escherichia coli recombinant humanShh free of N-terminal modification with fatty acid, and 160 timesenhanced activity was achieved by the addition of myristic acid thereto(Biochemistry, vol. 40, pages 4359-4371, 2001). On the other hand, as ahuman gene corresponding to Drosophila Smo, human Smo is known, and as ahuman gene corresponding to Drosophila Ptch, 2 types of Ptch1 and Ptch2are known. In addition, a transcription factor corresponding toDrosophila Ci is considered to be Gli in human, and 3 types of Gli1,Gli2 and Gli3 are known (Nature Rev. Cancer, vol. 2, pages 361-372,2002). Shh/Ihh/Dhh are each bound to Ptch1 and activate Smo byinhibiting the bond between Ptch1 and Smo. Shh/Ihh/Dhh are also bound toPtch2, Hip1, Gas1 and Cdo/Boc, besides Ptch1, and regulate theactivation of Smo. A signal transduction from Smo induces nuclearlocalization of Gli1 and Gli2, and activate transcription of Gli1 (Curr.Opin. Cell Biol., vol. 19, pages 159-165, 2007).

The Hedgehog signal is involved in the morphogenesis in thedevelopmental stages also in mammals. In human, for example, patientswith Holoprosencephaly, which is a congenital developmental abnormality,showed mutation in Shh (Nat. Genet., vol. 14, pages 357-360, 1996).Moreover, a natural compound Cyclopamine derived from white helleboreknown as a compound inducing Cyclopus in sheep (Am. J. Vet. Res., vol.24, pages 1164-1175, 1963) was confirmed to inhibit Smo as actionmechanism thereof (Development, vol. 125, pages 3553-3562, 1998).Furthermore, an Shh knockout mouse was prepared, and its phenotype wasfound to include Cyclopus, malformation of extremities (Nature, vol.383, pages 407-413, 1996), and neural plate malformation (Cell, vol.111, pages 63-75, 2002).

Hedgehog signal is inherently a developmental signal, which is promotedin tumor tissues and functions as a cancer cell proliferation andsurvival signal. Hedgehog signal is considered to function for thegrowth and survival of cancer cells in an autocrine mode, or functionbetween cancer cells and cancer interstitial cells in a paracrine mode,in tumor tissues (Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., vol. 5, pages 1026-1033,2006). In an autocrine mode, it works for the growth and maintenance ofcancer cells, via transcription activation by Gli-1, by abnormal cellcycle control due to increased expression of Cyclin D and decreasedexpression of p21, promotion of proliferation signal by activation ofEGFR pathway and the like. On the other hand, since Shh expressed incancer cells acts on Smo in cancer interstitial cells, growth factorssuch as insulin-like growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor,platelet-derived growth factor and the like are transmitted from cancerinterstitial cells to cancer cells, and function for the growth andsurvival of cancer cells. It is also considered that promotion of VEGF,PDGF pathway and the like by Gli-1 promotes tumor angiogenesis (ClinCancer Res., vol. 12, pages 5924-5928, 2006). As to the mechanism ofpromotion of Hedgehog signal, a cancer in which Hedgehog signal ispromoted due to mutation of Ptch1 and a cancer which is promoted byoverexpression of Shh, which is one of the ligands, have been reported(Nature Rev. Cancer, vol. 3, pages 903-911, 2003). As a cancer in whichHedgehog signal is promoted due to mutation, basal cell cancer andmedulloblastoma are known, and mutation of Ptch1 observed in thesecancers activates Hedgehog signal in a ligand independent manner (Am. J.Med. Gen., vol. 123A, pages 5-28, 2003). As a cancer in which Hedgehogsignal is promoted by overexpression of Shh, pancreatic cancer (Nature,vol. 425, pages 846-851, 2003) and the like have been reported. In atransgenic mouse in which Shh is forcedly expressed in the pancreas,Hedgehog signal is suggested to be involved not only in the growth andmaintenance of cancer, but also carcinogenic process, since a PanIN-likelesion in the initial stages of cancer progress was found in thepancreas (Nature, vol. 425, pages 851-856, 2003). Furthermore, Hedgehogsignal is considered to function for the growth and survival of cancerstem cells, and play a key role in the metastasis or postoperativerecurrence of tumor and the like (Trends Cell Biol., vol. 17, pages438-447, 2007).

As the Hedgehog signal inhibitor, the following are known. Cyclopamine,which is a naturally occurring Smo inhibitory compound, has beenreported to show a tumor growth suppressive effect on glioma(Development, vol. 128, pages 5201-5212, 2001) and the like. As asynthetic low-molecular-weight compound inhibiting Smo, CUR-61414 (Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 100, pages 4616-4621, 2003) and SANT-1, 2,3, 4 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 99, pages 14071-14076, 2002)have been reported. As for the Hedgohog signal inhibitory antibody, ithas been reported that administration of an anti-Shh antibody to acancer-carrying nude mouse transplanted with colorectal cancer cell lineHT-29 caused regression of cancer (WO 2004/020599).

Patent documents 1 to 5 and non-patent documents 1 to 2 disclose fusedheterocycle compounds.

DOCUMENT LIST Patent Documents

-   Patent Document 1: WO 01/64639-   Patent Document 2: WO 02/12189-   Patent Document 3: WO 03/059884-   Patent Document 4: WO 2005/081960-   Patent Document 5: WO 2006/030032

Non-Patent Documents

-   Non-Patent Document 1: Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol.    38, pages 419-423, 2002-   Non-Patent Document 2: CAS registry number: 858744-76-0

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a compound having asuperior Smo inhibitory activity, low toxicity and sufficientlysatisfactory as a pharmaceutical product.

Means of Solving the Problems

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in an attempt tosolve the above-mentioned problems and found that a compound representedby the following formula and a salt thereof have a superior Smoinhibitory activity, which resulted in the completion of the presentinvention.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the following.

-   [1] a compound represented by the formula

whereinX^(D) is NR^(D1), a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom;Y^(D) is CR^(D7) or a nitrogen atom;R^(D1) is a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group;R^(D2) is a carbamoyl group optionally having substituent(s);R^(D3) is a halogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally havingsubstituent(s), a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group optionally having substituent(s),an amino group optionally having substituent(s), a mercapto groupoptionally having a substituent, a cyclic group optionally havingsubstituent(s) or a cyano group;R^(D5) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s) or acyclic group optionally having substituent(s);R^(D6) is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group; andR^(D7) is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, or asalt thereof (in the present specification, sometimes to be abbreviatedas “compound (DI)”);

-   [2] the compound or salt of the above-mentioned [1], wherein    X^(D) is NR^(D1) wherein R^(D1) is a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl    group;    Y^(D) is CR^(D7) wherein R^(D7) is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom    or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group;    R^(D2) is a carbamoyl group optionally having 1 or 2 substituents    selected from    (1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s),    (2) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group optionally having substituent(s),    (3) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group optionally having substituent(s), and    (4) a heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s);    R^(D3) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group or a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group;    R^(D5) is    (1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s),    (2) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group optionally having substituent(s), or    (3) a heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s); and    R^(D6) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group;-   [3] the compound or salt of the above-mentioned [2], wherein X^(D)    is NR^(D1) wherein R^(D1) is methyl, and Y^(D) is CR^(D7) wherein    R^(D7) is a hydrogen atom;-   [4]    3,6-diethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide    or a salt thereof;-   [5]    3-ethenyl-6-ethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide    or a salt thereof;-   [6]    6-ethyl-3-(ethylamino)-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide    or a salt thereof;-   [7] a prodrug of the compound or salt of any of the above-mentioned    [1] to [6];-   [8] a medicament comprising the compound or salt of any of the    above-mentioned [1] to [6] or a prodrug thereof;-   [9] the medicament of the above-mentioned [8], which is an Smo    inhibitor;-   [10] the medicament of the above-mentioned [8], which is an agent    for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancer;-   [11] a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancer in a    mammal, which comprises administering an effective amount of the    compound or salt of any of the above-mentioned [1] to [6] or a    prodrug thereof to the mammal; and-   [12] use of the compound or salt of any of the above-mentioned [1]    to [6] or a prodrug thereof for the production of an agent for the    prophylaxis or treatment of cancer.

Effect of the Invention

Since the compound of the present invention has a strong Smo inhibitoryaction, it can provide a clinically useful agent for the prophylaxis ortreatment of cancer, a cancer growth inhibitor and a cancer metastasissuppressive agent.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is explained in detail in the following.

In the present specification, the “halogen atom” means a fluorine atom,a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.

In the present specification, the “C₁₋₆ alkyl group” means, for example,methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl,tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl,isohexyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl,2-ethylbutyl or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₂₋₆ alkenyl group” means, forexample, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl,1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl,2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl,3-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₂₋₆ alkynyl group” means, forexample, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl,3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl,1,1-dimethylprop-2-yn-1-yl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl,5-hexynyl or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₁₋₆ alkoxy group” means, forexample, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy,sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentoxy, isopentoxy, hexoxy or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group” means, forexample, acetyl, ethylcarbonyl, propylcarbonyl, isopropylcarbonyl,butylcarbonyl, isobutylcarbonyl, sec-butylcarbonyl, tert-butylcarbonyl,pentylcarbonyl, hexylcarbonyl or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group” means,for example, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl,isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl,tert-butoxycarbonyl or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group” means, forexample, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl,cyclooctyl or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₃₋₈ cycloalkane” means, for example,cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane,cyclooctane or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₃₋₆ cycloalkane” means, for example,cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group” means, forexample, cyclopropenyl (e.g., 2-cyclopropen-1-yl), cyclobutenyl (e.g.,2-cyclobuten-1-yl), cyclopentenyl (e.g., 2-cyclopenten-1-yl,3-cyclopenten-1-yl), cyclohexenyl (e.g., 2-cyclohexen-1-yl,3-cyclohexen-1-yl) or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₆₋₁₀ aryl group” means, for example,phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₆₋₁₀ arene” means, for example,benzene, naphthalene or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₇₋₁₃ aralkyl group” means, forexample, benzyl, phenethyl, naphthylmethyl or the like.

In the present specification, the “C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group” means, forexample, benzoyl, 1-naphthoyl, 2-naphthoyl or the like.

In the present specification, the “heterocyclic group” means an aromaticheterocyclic group (e.g., a 5- to 12-membered aromatic heterocyclicgroup) or a non-aromatic heterocyclic group (e.g., a 4- to 12-memberednon-aromatic heterocyclic group).

In the present specification, the “aromatic heterocyclic group” means amonocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group and a fused aromatic heterocyclicgroup.

Examples of the monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group include a 5- to7-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) monocyclic aromaticheterocyclic group containing, as a ring-constituting atom besidescarbon atoms, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfuratom (optionally oxidized) and a nitrogen atom (optionally oxidized).Examples thereof include furyl (e.g., 2-furyl, 3-furyl), thienyl (e.g.,2-thienyl, 3-thienyl), pyridyl (e.g., 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl),pyrimidinyl (e.g., 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl),pyridazinyl (e.g., 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl), pyrazinyl (e.g.,2-pyrazinyl), pyrrolyl (e.g., 1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl),imidazolyl (e.g., 1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl,5-imidazolyl), pyrazolyl (e.g., 1-pyrazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl),thiazolyl (e.g., 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl), isothiazolyl(e.g., 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl), oxazolyl (e.g.,2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl), isoxazolyl (e.g., 3-isoxazolyl,4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl), oxadiazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl,1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl), thiadiazolyl (e.g., 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl),triazolyl (e.g., 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl,1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl), tetrazolyl(e.g., tetrazol-1-yl, tetrazol-5-yl), triazinyl (e.g.,1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-6-yl) and the like.

Examples of the fused aromatic heterocyclic group include a 8- to12-membered fused aromatic heterocyclic group, specifically, a groupderived from a fused ring wherein a ring corresponding to theabove-mentioned 5- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic groupand a C₆₋₁₀ arene are condensed; and a group derived from a fused ringwherein rings corresponding to the above-mentioned 5- to 7-memberedmonocyclic aromatic heterocyclic groups are condensed. Specific examplesthereof include quinolyl (e.g., 2-quinolyl, 3-quinolyl, 4-quinolyl,6-quinolyl), isoquinolyl (e.g., 3-isoquinolyl), quinazolyl (e.g.,2-quinazolyl, 4-quinazolyl), quinoxalyl (e.g., 2-quinoxalyl,6-quinoxalyl), benzofuranyl (e.g., 2-benzofuranyl, 3-benzofuranyl),benzothienyl (e.g., 2-benzothienyl, 3-benzothienyl), benzoxazolyl (e.g.,2-benzoxazolyl), benzisoxazolyl (e.g., 3-benzisoxazolyl), benzothiazolyl(e.g., 2-benzothiazolyl), benzoisothiazolyl (e.g., 3-benzoisothiazolyl),benzimidazolyl (e.g., benzimidazol-1-yl, benzimidazol-2-yl,benzimidazol-5-yl), benzotriazolyl (e.g., 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-5-yl),indolyl (e.g., indol-1-yl, indol-2-yl, indol-3-yl, indol-5-yl),isoindolyl (e.g., isoindol-1-yl, isoindol-2-yl, isoindol-3-yl,isoindol-5-yl), indazolyl (e.g., 1H-indazol-3-yl), pyrrolopyrazinyl(e.g., 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazin-2-yl, 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazin-6-yl),imidazopyridinyl (e.g., 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl,1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl, 2H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl),thienopyridinyl (e.g., thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl), imidazopyrazinyl(e.g., 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-yl), pyrazolopyridinyl (e.g.,1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-yl), pyrazolothienyl (e.g.,2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]thiophen-2-yl), pyrazolotriazinyl (e.g.,pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-3-yl) and the like.

In the present specification, the “non-aromatic heterocyclic group”means a monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic group and a fusednon-aromatic heterocyclic group.

Examples of the monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic group include a 4-to 7-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) monocyclic non-aromaticheterocyclic group containing, as a ring-constituting atom besidescarbon atoms, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfuratom (optionally oxidized) and a nitrogen atom. Examples thereof includeazetidinyl (e.g., 1-azetidinyl, 2-azetidinyl), pyrrolidinyl (e.g.,1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl), piperidyl (e.g., piperidino,2-piperidyl, 3-piperidyl), morpholinyl (e.g., morpholino),thiomorpholinyl (e.g., thiomorpholino), piperazinyl (e.g.,1-piperazinyl, 2-piperazinyl, 3-piperazinyl), oxazolidinyl (e.g.,oxazolidin-2-yl), thiazolidinyl (e.g., thiazolidin-2-yl), imidazolidinyl(e.g., imidazolidin-2-yl, imidazolidin-3-yl), oxazolinyl (e.g.,oxazolin-2-yl), thiazolinyl (e.g., thiazolin-2-yl), imidazolinyl (e.g.,imidazolin-2-yl, imidazolin-3-yl), dioxolyl (e.g., 1,3-dioxol-4-yl),dioxolanyl (e.g., 1,3-dioxolan-4-yl), dihydrooxadiazolyl (e.g.,4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl), pyranyl (e.g., 2-pyranyl, 4-pyranyl),dihydropyranyl (e.g., 2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl, 2,3-dihydropyran-3-yl),tetrahydropyranyl (e.g., 2-tetrahydropyranyl, 3-tetrahydropyranyl,4-tetrahydropyranyl), thiopyranyl (e.g., 4-thiopyranyl),dihydrothiopyranyl (e.g., dihydrothiopyran-3-yl, dihydrothiopyran-4-yl),tetrahydrothiopyranyl (e.g., 2-tetrahydrothiopyranyl,3-tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 4-tetrahydrothiopyranyl),1-oxidotetrahydrothiopyranyl (e.g., 1-oxidotetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl),1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothiopyranyl (e.g.,1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl), tetrahydrofuryl (e.g.,tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl), pyrazolidinyl (e.g.,pyrazolidin-1-yl, pyrazolidin-3-yl), pyrazolinyl (e.g., pyrazolin-1-yl),tetrahydropyrimidinyl (e.g., tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl), dihydrotriazolyl(e.g., 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl), tetrahydrotriazolyl (e.g.,2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl), azepanyl (e.g., 1-azepanyl,2-azepanyl, 3-azepanyl, 4-azepanyl), dihydropyridyl (e.g.,dihydropyridin-1-yl, dihydropyridin-2-yl, dihydropyridin-3-yl,dihydropyridin-4-yl), tetrahydropyridyl (e.g., tetrahydropyridin-1-yl,tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, tetrahydropyridin-3-yl, tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)and the like.

Examples of the fused non-aromatic heterocyclic group include a 8- to12-membered fused non-aromatic heterocyclic group, specifically, a groupderived from a fused ring wherein a ring corresponding to theabove-mentioned 4- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclicgroup and a C₆₋₁₀ arene are condensed; a group derived from a fused ringwherein rings corresponding to the above-mentioned 4- to 7-memberedmonocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic groups are condensed; a groupderived from a fused ring wherein a ring corresponding to theabove-mentioned 4- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclicgroup and a ring corresponding to the above-mentioned 5- to 7-memberedmonocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group are condensed; and a groupwherein the above-mentioned group is partially saturated. Specificexamples thereof include dihydroindolyl (e.g.,2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl), dihydroisoindolyl (e.g.,1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl), dihydrobenzofuranyl (e.g.,2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl), tetrahydrobenzofuranyl (e.g.,4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl), dihydrobenzodioxinyl (e.g.,2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxinyl), dihydrobenzodioxepinyl (e.g.,3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepinyl), chromenyl (e.g., 4H-chromen-2-yl,2H-chromen-3-yl), dihydrochromenyl (e.g., 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl),dihydroquinolinyl (e.g., 1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl), tetrahydroquinolinyl(e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl), dihydroisoquinolinyl (e.g.,1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-4-yl), tetrahydroisoquinolinyl (e.g.,1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-yl), dihydrophthalazinyl (e.g.,1,4-dihydrophthalazin-4-yl), azabicyclohexyl (e.g.,2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl) and the like.

In the present specification, the “heterocycle” means an aromaticheterocycle (e.g., a 5- to 12-membered aromatic heterocycle) or anon-aromatic heterocycle (e.g., a 4- to 12-membered non-aromaticheterocycle).

In the present specification, the “aromatic heterocycle” means amonocyclic aromatic heterocycle and a fused aromatic heterocycle.

Examples of the monocyclic aromatic heterocycle include a 5- to7-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) monocyclic aromatic heterocyclecontaining, as a ring-constituting atom besides carbon atoms, 1 to 4hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom (optionallyoxidized) and a nitrogen atom (optionally oxidized). Examples thereofinclude furan, thiophene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine,pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole,oxadiazole, thiadiazole, triazole, tetrazole, triazine and the like.

Examples of the fused aromatic heterocycle include a 8- to 12-memberedfused aromatic heterocycle, specifically, a fused ring wherein theabove-mentioned 5- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocycle and aC₆₋₁₀ arene are condensed; and a fused ring wherein the above-mentioned5- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocycles are condensed.Specific examples thereof include quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline,quinoxaline, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole,benzothiazole, benzoisothiazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, indole,isoindole, indazole, pyrrolopyrazine (e.g., 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine),imidazopyridine (e.g., 2H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine,1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine), thienopyridine(e.g., thieno[2,3-b]pyridine), imidazopyrazine (e.g.,1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazine), pyrazolopyridine (e.g.,1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine), pyrazolothiophene (e.g.,2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]thiophene), pyrazolotriazine (e.g.,pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine) and the like.

In the present specification, the “non-aromatic heterocycle” means amonocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle and a fused non-aromaticheterocycle.

Examples of the monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle include a 4- to7-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) monocyclic non-aromaticheterocycle containing, as a ring-constituting atom besides carbonatoms, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom(optionally oxidized) and a nitrogen atom. Examples thereof includeazetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine,piperazine, oxazolidine, thiazolidine, imidazolidine, oxazoline,thiazoline, imidazoline, dioxole, dioxolane, dihydrooxadiazole, pyran,dihydropyran, tetrahydropyran, thiopyran, dihydrothiopyran,tetrahydrothiopyran, 1-oxidotetrahydrothiopyran,1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothiopyran, tetrahydrofuran, pyrazolidine,pyrazoline, tetrahydropyrimidine, dihydrotriazole, tetrahydrotriazole,azepane, dihydropyridine, tetrahydropyridine and the like.

Examples of the fused non-aromatic heterocycle include a 8- to12-membered fused non-aromatic heterocycle, specifically, a fused ringwherein the above-mentioned 4- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromaticheterocycle and a C₆₋₁₀ arene are condensed; a fused ring wherein theabove-mentioned 4- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclesare condensed; a fused ring wherein the above-mentioned 4- to 7-memberedmonocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle and the above-mentioned 5- to7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocycle are condensed; and a ringwherein the above-mentioned ring is partially saturated. Specificexamples thereof include dihydroindole (e.g., 2,3-dihydro-1H-indole),dihydroisoindole (e.g., 1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole), dihydrobenzofuran(e.g., 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran), tetrahydrobenzofuran (e.g.,4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran), dihydrobenzodioxine (e.g.,2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine), dihydrobenzodioxepine (e.g.,3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepine), chromene, dihydrochromene (e.g.,3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene), dihydroquinoline (e.g., 1,2-dihydroquinoline),tetrahydroquinoline (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline),dihydroisoquinoline (e.g., 1,2-dihydroisoquinoline),tetrahydroisoquinoline (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline),dihydrophthalazine (e.g., 1,4-dihydrophthalazine), azabicyclohexane(e.g., 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) and the like.

In the present specification, the “nitrogen-containing heterocycle”means, for example, a 5- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclecontaining, as a ring constituting atom besides carbon atom, at leastone nitrogen atom, and optionally further containing 1 or 2 hetero atomsselected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom.Preferable examples of the nitrogen-containing heterocycle includepyrrolidine, imidazolidine, pyrazolidine, piperidine, piperazine,morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiazolidine, oxazolidine and the like.

In the present specification, the “heterocyclyl-carbonyl group” means acarbonyl group substituted by the aforementioned “heterocyclic group”.Specific examples of the heterocyclyl-carbonyl group includepyrrolylcarbonyl, pyrazolylcarbonyl, pyridylcarbonyl,pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, thienylcarbonyl, furylcarbonyl, thiazolylcarbonyl,oxazolylcarbonyl, piperidinocarbonyl, piperazinylcarbonyl,morpholinocarbonyl, thiomorpholinocarbonyl,tetrahydrobenzo[c]azepinylcarbonyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinylcarbonyl andthe like.

In the present specification, the “C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl-carbonyl group”means, for example, cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclobutylcarbonyl,cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl, cycloheptylcarbonyl,cyclooctylcarbonyl or the like.

In the present specification, examples of the substituent that the C₁₋₆alkyl group of the “C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s)”optionally has include substituents selected from the followingSubstituent A Group. While the number of the substituents is notparticularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number, preferably1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents are present,the respective substituents may be the same or different.

Substituent A Group:

(1) a halogen atom;

(2) a cyano group;

(3) a nitro group;

(4) a hydroxy group;

(5) a carboxy group;

(6) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituentsselected from

-   -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a hydroxy group,    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms,    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms,        and    -   (e) an oxo group;        (7) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents        selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a hydroxy group,    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms,        and    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms;        (8) a 5- to 12-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) aromatic        heterocyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents        selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a hydroxy group,    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms,        and    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms;        (9) a 4- to 12-membered (preferably 4- to 7-membered)        non-aromatic heterocyclic group optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a hydroxy group,    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms,    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms,    -   (e) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group optionally having 1 to 3        hydroxy, and    -   (f) an oxo group;        (10) an amino group optionally having 1 or 2 substituents        selected from    -   (a) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms,    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from        -   (i) a halogen atom,        -   (ii) a hydroxy group, and        -   (iii) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group,    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from        -   (i) a halogen atom, and        -   (ii) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group,    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., methylsulfonyl) optionally        having 1 to 3 substituents selected from        -   (i) a halogen atom, and        -   (ii) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group,    -   (e) a C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyl group (e.g., phenylsulfonyl),    -   (f) a carbamoyl group optionally having 1 or 2 C₁₋₆ alkyl groups        optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms,    -   (g) a 5- to 12-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) aromatic        heterocyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents        selected from        -   (i) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms,        -   (ii) a hydroxy group,        -   (iii) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms, and        -   (iv) a halogen atom, and    -   (h) a 4- to 12-membered (preferably 4- to 7-membered)        non-aromatic heterocyclic group optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from        -   (i) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms,        -   (ii) a hydroxy group,        -   (iii) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms,        -   (iv) a halogen atom, and        -   (v) an oxo group;            (11) an imino group;            (12) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group optionally having 1 to 3            halogen atoms;            (13) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group optionally having 1 to 3            substituents selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,    -   (c) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group,    -   (d) a 5- to 12-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) aromatic        heterocyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents        selected from        -   (i) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms,        -   (ii) a hydroxy group,        -   (iii) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms, and        -   (iv) a halogen atom, and    -   (e) a 4- to 12-membered (preferably 4- to 7-membered)        non-aromatic heterocyclic group optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from        -   (i) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms,        -   (ii) a hydroxy group,        -   (iii) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms,        -   (iv) a halogen atom, and        -   (v) an oxo group;            (14) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., methylsulfonyl,            ethylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl) optionally having 1 to 3            substituents selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom, and    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group;        (15) a C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyl group (e.g., phenylsulfonyl);        (16) a carbamoyl group optionally having 1 or 2 substituents        selected from    -   (a) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms,        and    -   (b) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group;        (17) a thiocarbamoyl group optionally having 1 or 2 C₁₋₆ alkyl        groups optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms;        (18) a sulfamoyl group optionally having 1 or 2 C₁₋₆ alkyl        groups optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms;        (19) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents        selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a carboxy group,    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group optionally having 1 to 3 C₆₋₁₀        aryl groups,    -   (e) an amino group optionally having 1 or 2 substituents        selected from a C₁₋₆ alkyl group and a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl        group,    -   (f) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group,    -   (g) a 5- to 12-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) aromatic        heterocyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents        selected from        -   (i) a halogen atom,        -   (ii) a hydroxy group,        -   (iii) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms, and        -   (iv) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms, and    -   (h) a 4- to 12-membered (preferably 4- to 7-membered)        non-aromatic heterocyclic group optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from        -   (i) a halogen atom,        -   (ii) a hydroxy group,        -   (iii) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms,        -   (iv) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen            atoms, and        -   (v) an oxo group;            (20) a C₂₋₆ alkenyloxy group (e.g., ethenyloxy) optionally            having 1 to 3 halogen atoms;            (21) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyloxy group (e.g., cyclopropoxy,            cyclopentyloxy) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents            selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom, and    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group;        (22) a C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy group (e.g., phenyloxy, naphthyloxy);        (23) a C₇₋₁₃ aralkyloxy group (e.g., benzyloxy);        (24) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyloxy group (e.g., acetyloxy,        tert-butylcarbonyloxy);        (25) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom, and    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms;        (26) a 5- to 12-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) aromatic        heterocyclyl-carbonyl group (e.g., thienylcarbonyl,        pyrazolylcarbonyl, pyrazinylcarbonyl, isoxazolylcarbonyl,        pyridylcarbonyl, thiazolylcarbonyl) optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having        1 to 3 halogen atoms;        (27) a 4- to 12-membered (preferably 4- to 7-membered)        non-aromatic heterocyclyl-carbonyl group (e.g.,        pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, morpholinylcarbonyl) optionally having 1        to 3 substituents selected from a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally        having 1 to 3 halogen atoms;        (28) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl-carbonyl group;        (29) a C₇₋₁₃ aralkyloxy-carbonyl group (e.g.,        benzyloxycarbonyl);        (30) a mercapto group;        (31) a C₁₋₆ alkylthio group (e.g., methylthio, ethylthio)        optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom, and    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group;        (32) a C₇₋₁₃ aralkylthio group (e.g., benzylthio);        (33) a C₆₋₁₀ arylthio group (e.g., phenylthio, naphthylthio);        (34) a C₁₋₃ alkyleneoxy group (e.g., methyleneoxy, ethyleneoxy);        and        (35) a C₁₋₃ alkylenedioxy group (e.g., methylenedioxy,        ethylenedioxy).

In the present specification, examples of the substituent that the C₂₋₆alkenyl group of the “C₂₋₆ alkenyl group optionally havingsubstituent(s)” optionally has include substituents selected from theaforementioned Substituent A Group. While the number of the substituentsis not particularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number,preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents arepresent, the respective substituents may be the same or different.

In the present specification, examples of the substituent that the C₂₋₆alkynyl group of the “C₂₋₆ alkynyl group optionally havingsubstituent(s)” optionally has include substituents selected theaforementioned Substituent A Group. While the number of the substituentsis not particularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number,preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents arepresent, the respective substituents may be the same or different.

In the present specification, examples of the substituent that the C₁₋₆alkoxy group of the “C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having substituent(s)”optionally has include substituents selected from the aforementionedSubstituent A Group. While the number of the substituents is notparticularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number, preferably1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents are present,the respective substituents may be the same or different.

In the present specification, examples of the substituent that the C₁₋₆alkyl-carbonyl group of the “C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group optionally havingsubstituent(s)” optionally has include substituents selected from theaforementioned Substituent A Group. While the number of the substituentsis not particularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number,preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents arepresent, the respective substituents may be the same or different.

In the present specification, examples of the substituent that the C₆₋₁₀aryl group of the “C₆₋₁₀ aryl group optionally having substituent(s)”optionally has include substituents selected from the followingSubstituent B Group. While the number of the substituents is notparticularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number, preferably1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents are present,the respective substituents may be the same or different.

Substituent B Group:

(1) the substituent selected from the aforementioned Substituent AGroup;

(2) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selectedfrom

-   -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a hydroxy group,    -   (c) a carboxy group,    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,    -   (e) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group,    -   (f) an amino group optionally having 1 or 2 C₁₋₆ alkyl groups,        and    -   (g) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group;        (3) a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents        selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a hydroxy group,    -   (c) a carboxy group,    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,    -   (e) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group, and    -   (f) an amino group optionally having 1 or 2 C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;        and        (4) a C₇₋₁₃ aralkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents        selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a hydroxy group,    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms,        and    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group.

In the present specification, examples of the substituent that the C₃₋₈cycloalkyl group of the “C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group optionally havingsubstituent(s)” optionally has include substituents selected from thefollowing Substituent C Group. While the number of the substituents isnot particularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number,preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents arepresent, the respective substituents may be the same or different.

Substituent C Group:

(1) the substituent selected from the aforementioned Substituent AGroup;

(2) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selectedfrom

-   -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a hydroxy group,    -   (c) a carboxy group,    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,    -   (e) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group,    -   (f) an amino group optionally having 1 or 2 C₁₋₆ alkyl groups,        and    -   (g) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group;        (3) a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents        selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a hydroxy group,    -   (c) a carboxy group,    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group,    -   (e) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group, and    -   (f) an amino group optionally having 1 or 2 C₁₋₆ alkyl groups;        (4) a C₇₋₁₃ aralkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents        selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom,    -   (b) a hydroxy group,    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms,    -   (d) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group; and        (5) an oxo group.

In the present specification, examples of the substituent that the C₆₋₁₀aryl-carbonyl group of the “C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group optionally havingsubstituent(s)” optionally has include substituents selected from theaforementioned Substituent B Group. While the number of the substituentsis not particularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number,preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents arepresent, the respective substituents may be the same or different.

In the present specification, when the heterocyclic group of the“heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s)” is an “aromaticheterocyclic group”, examples of the substituent that the aromaticheterocyclic group optionally has include substituents selected from theaforementioned Substituent B Group. While the number of the substituentsis not particularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number,preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents arepresent, the respective substituents may be the same or different.

In the present specification, when the heterocyclic group of the“heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s)” is a “non-aromaticheterocyclic group”, examples of the substituent that the non-aromaticheterocyclic group optionally has include substituents selected from theaforementioned Substituent C Group. While the number of the substituentsis not particularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number,preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents arepresent, the respective substituents may be the same or different.

In the present specification, when the heterocyclyl-carbonyl group ofthe “heterocyclyl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s)” is an“aromatic heterocyclyl-carbonyl group”, examples of the substituent thatthe aromatic heterocyclyl-carbonyl group optionally has includesubstituents selected from the aforementioned Substituent B Group. Whilethe number of the substituents is not particularly limited as long as itis a substitutable number, preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3.When plural substituents are present, the respective substituents may bethe same or different.

In the present specification, when the heterocyclyl-carbonyl group ofthe “heterocyclyl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s)” is a“non-aromatic heterocyclyl-carbonyl group”, examples of the substituentthat the non-aromatic heterocyclyl-carbonyl group optionally has includesubstituents selected from the aforementioned Substituent C Group. Whilethe number of the substituents is not particularly limited as long as itis a substitutable number, preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3.When plural substituents are present, the respective substituents may bethe same or different.

In the present specification, the “amino group optionally havingsubstituent(s)” means, for example, an “amino group” optionally having 1or 2 substituents selected from

(1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(2) a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(3) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(4) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having substituent(s);

(5) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(6) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(7) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group optionally having substituent(s);

(8) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(9) a heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s);

(10) a heterocyclyl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s); andthe like.

When the “amino group optionally having substituent(s)” is an aminogroup having 2 substituents, these substituents optionally form,together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, a nitrogen-containingheterocycle. Specific examples of the nitrogen-containing heterocycleinclude a 5- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle. Thenitrogen-containing heterocycle optionally further has substituent(s).Examples of the substituent include substituents selected from theaforementioned Substituent C Group. While the number of the substituentsis not particularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number,preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents arepresent, the respective substituents may be the same or different.

In the present specification, the “carbamoyl group optionally havingsubstituent(s)” means, for example, a “carbamoyl group” optionallyhaving 1 or 2 substituents selected from

(1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(2) a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(3) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(4) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having substituent(s);

(5) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(6) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(7) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group optionally having substituent(s);

(8) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(9) a heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s);

(10) a heterocyclyl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s); andthe like.

When the “carbamoyl group optionally having substituent(s)” is acarbamoyl group having 2 substituents, these substituents optionallyform, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, a nitrogen-containingheterocycle. Specific examples of the nitrogen-containing heterocycleinclude a 5- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle. Thenitrogen-containing heterocycle optionally further has substituent(s).Examples of the substituent include substituents selected from theaforementioned Substituent C Group. While the number of the substituentsis not particularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number,preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents arepresent, the respective substituents may be the same or different.

In the present specification, the “optionally substituted hydroxy group”means, for example, a hydroxy group optionally substituted by asubstituent selected from

(1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(2) a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(3) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(4) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(5) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(6) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group optionally having substituent(s);

(7) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(8) a heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s);

(9) a heterocyclyl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s); andthe like.

In the present specification, the “optionally substituted mercaptogroup” means, for example, a mercapto group optionally substituted by asubstituent selected from

(1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(2) a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(3) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(4) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group optionally having substituent(s);

(5) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(6) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(7) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group optionally having substituent(s);

(8) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s);

(9) a heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s);

(10) a heterocyclyl-carbonyl group optionally having substituent(s);

and the like.

In the present specification, the “cyclic group” of the “cyclic groupoptionally having substituent(s)” means, for example, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkylgroup, a group derived from a fused ring wherein a C₃₋₈ cycloalkane anda benzene ring are condensed (e.g., indanyl,1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl), a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group, an aromaticheterocyclic group, a non-aromatic heterocyclic group or the like.

When the “cyclic group optionally having substituent(s)” is a C₃₋₈cycloalkyl group optionally having substituent(s), examples of thesubstituent that the C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group optionally has includesubstituents selected from the aforementioned Substituent C Group. Whilethe number of the substituents is not particularly limited as long as itis a substitutable number, preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3.When plural substituents are present, the respective substituents may bethe same or different.

When the “cyclic group optionally having substituent(s)” is a groupderived from a fused ring wherein a C₃₋₈ cycloalkane and a benzene ringare condensed, which optionally has substituent(s), examples of thesubstituent that the fused ring group optionally has includesubstituents selected from the aforementioned Substituent C Group. Theposition of the substituent is not particularly limited as long as it isa substitutable position, and may be on the benzene ring moiety or C₃₋₈cycloalkane moiety. While the number of the substituents is notparticularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number, preferably1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents are present,the respective substituents may be the same or different.

When the “cyclic group optionally having substituent(s)” is a C₆₋₁₀ arylgroup optionally having substituent(s), examples of the substituent thatthe C₆₋₁₀ aryl group optionally has include substituents selected fromthe aforementioned Substituent B Group. While the number of thesubstituents is not particularly limited as long as it is asubstitutable number, preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. Whenplural substituents are present, the respective substituents may be thesame or different.

When the “cyclic group optionally having substituent(s)” is an aromaticheterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s), Examples of thesubstituent that the aromatic heterocyclic group optionally has includesubstituents selected from the aforementioned Substituent B Group. Whilethe number of the substituents is not particularly limited as long as itis a substitutable number, preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3.When plural substituents are present, the respective substituents may bethe same or different.

When the “cyclic group optionally having substituent(s)” is anon-aromatic heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s),examples of the substituent that the non-aromatic heterocyclic groupoptionally has include substituents selected from the aforementionedSubstituent C Group. While the number of the substituents is notparticularly limited as long as it is a substitutable number, preferably1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3. When plural substituents are present,the respective substituents may be the same or different.

In the formula (DI), X^(D) is NR^(D1), a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom.R^(D1) is a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group.

X^(D) is preferably NR^(D1) or a sulfur atom, more preferably NR^(D1).R^(D1) is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl), more preferablymethyl.

In the formula (DI), Y^(D) is CR^(D7) or a nitrogen atom. R^(D7) is ahydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group.

Y^(D) is preferably CR^(D7). R^(D7) is preferably a hydrogen atom.

In the formula (DI), R^(D2) is a carbamoyl group optionally havingsubstituent(s).

R^(D2) is preferably a carbamoyl group optionally having 1 or 2substituents selected from

(1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s),

(2) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group optionally having substituent(s),

(3) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group optionally having substituent(s), and

(4) a heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s).

In one embodiment, R^(D2) is more preferably a carbamoyl group havingone substituent selected from

(1) a 4- to 12-membered (preferably 4- to 7-membered) non-aromaticheterocyclic group (e.g., piperidyl, tetrahydropyranyl,tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1-oxidotetrahydrothiopyranyl,1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothiopyranyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituentsselected from

-   -   (a) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups,        and    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., acetyl) optionally having        1 to 3 hydroxy groups;        (2) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclohexyl) optionally having        1 to 3 hydroxy groups; and        (3) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., ethyl, propyl) having one        substituent selected from    -   (a) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., ethylsulfonyl) optionally        having 1 to 3 C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups (e.g., methoxy), and    -   (b) an amino group having one C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g.,        acetyl) optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups.

In another embodiment, R^(D2) is more preferably a carbamoyl grouphaving 1 or 2 substituents selected from

(1) a 4- to 12-membered (preferably 4- to 7-membered) non-aromaticheterocyclic group (e.g., morpholinyl, piperidyl, azepanyl) optionallyhaving 1 to 3 substituents selected from

-   -   (a) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups,    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., acetyl) optionally having        1 to 3 hydroxy groups, and    -   (c) an oxo group;        (2) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl,        cyclohexyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from    -   (a) a hydroxy group,    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl) optionally having 1 to 3        hydroxy groups,    -   (c) a carbamoyl group,    -   (d) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group (e.g., ethynyl), and    -   (e) a 5- to 12-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) aromatic        heterocyclic group (e.g., thienyl);        (3) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,        butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl) having one substituent        selected from    -   (a) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., ethylsulfonyl) optionally        having 1 to 3 C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups (e.g., methoxy),    -   (b) an amino group having one C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g.,        acetyl) optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups,    -   (c) an amino group having 1 or 2 C₁₋₆ alkyl groups (e.g.,        methyl, ethyl) optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups,    -   (d) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group (e.g., phenyl) optionally having 1 to 3        C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl groups (e.g., methylsulfonyl),    -   (e) a 4- to 12-membered (preferably 4- to 7-membered)        non-aromatic heterocyclic group (e.g., pyrrolidinyl,        tetrahydrofuryl) optionally having 1 to 3 oxo groups,    -   (f) a 5- to 12-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) aromatic        heterocyclic group (e.g., furyl),    -   (g) a hydroxy group, and    -   (h) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy);        (4) a 5- to 12-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) aromatic        heterocyclic group (e.g., pyridyl); and        (5) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group (e.g., 2-propynyl).

In the formula (DI), R^(D3) is a halogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl groupoptionally having substituent(s), a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group optionally havingsubstituent(s), an amino group optionally having substituent(s), amercapto group optionally having a substituent, a cyclic groupoptionally having substituent(s) or a cyano group.

R^(D3) is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., ethyl), a C₂₋₆ alkenylgroup (e.g., vinyl), an amino group optionally having 1 or 2 C₁₋₆ alkylgroups (e.g., ethyl) or a cyano group, more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylgroup (e.g., ethyl), a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group (e.g., vinyl) or a cyanogroup, more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., ethyl) or a C₂₋₆alkenyl group (e.g., vinyl), still more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group(e.g., ethyl).

In the formula (DI), R^(D5) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally havingsubstituent(s) or a cyclic group optionally having substituent(s).

R^(D5) is preferably

(1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s),

(2) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group optionally having substituent(s), or

(3) a heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s).

In one embodiment, R^(D5) is more preferably

(1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, pentyl) optionally having 1to 3 substituents selected from

-   -   (a) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzoyl),    -   (b) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group (e.g., phenyl) optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from        -   (i) a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom),            and        -   (ii) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy), and    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy) optionally having 1 to 3        C₆₋₁₀ aryl groups (e.g., phenyl);        (2) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl) optionally        having 1 to 3 substituents selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom),    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl) optionally having 1        to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom), and    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, isopropoxy); or        (3) a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group        (e.g., pyridyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected        from    -   (a) a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom),    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl), and    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy).

In another embodiment, R^(D5) is more preferably

(1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, pentyl) optionally having 1to 3 substituents selected from

-   -   (a) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzoyl),    -   (b) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group (e.g., phenyl) optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from        -   (i) a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom),            and        -   (ii) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy), and    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy) optionally having 1 to 3        C₆₋₁₀ aryl groups (e.g., phenyl); or        (2) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl) optionally        having 1 to 3 substituents selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom),    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl) optionally having 1        to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom), and    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, isopropoxy):        more preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, pentyl)        having one benzoyl.

In the formula (DI), R^(D6) is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C₁₋₆alkyl group.

R^(D6) is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl).

In one preferable embodiment, X^(D) is NR^(D1) wherein R^(D1) is ethyl,and Y^(D) is CR^(D7) wherein R^(D7) is a hydrogen atom.

Preferable specific examples of compound (DI) include the followingcompounds.

Compound (DI-1)

In the formula (DI), a compound wherein

X^(D) is NR^(D1), a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom (preferably X^(D) isNR^(D1));

R^(D1) is a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group;

Y^(D) is CR^(D7) or a nitrogen atom (preferably Y^(D) is CR^(D7));

R^(D7) is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group;

preferably X^(D) is NR^(D1), R^(D1) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g.,methyl),

Y^(D) is CR^(D7), and R^(D7) is a hydrogen atom;

R^(D2) is a carbamoyl group optionally having 1 or 2 substituentsselected from

(1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s),

(2) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group optionally having substituent(s),

(3) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group optionally having substituent(s), and

(4) a heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s);

R^(D3) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group or a cyano group(preferably R^(D3) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group or a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group);

R^(D5) is

(1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s),

(2) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group optionally having substituent(s), or

(3) a heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s); and

R^(D6) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group,

or a salt thereof.

Compound (DI-2)

In the formula (DI), a compound wherein

X^(D) is NR^(D1), a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom (preferably NR^(D1) ora sulfur atom);

R^(D1) is a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl)(preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl));

Y^(D) is CR^(D7) or a nitrogen atom;

R^(D7) is a hydrogen atom;

R^(D2) is a carbamoyl group having one substituent selected from

(1) a 4- to 12-membered (preferably 4- to 7-membered) non-aromaticheterocyclic group (e.g., piperidyl, tetrahydropyranyl,tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1-oxidotetrahydrothiopyranyl,1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothiopyranyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituentsselected from

-   -   (a) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups,        and    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., acetyl) optionally having        1 to 3 hydroxy groups;        (2) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclohexyl) optionally having        1 to 3 hydroxy groups; and        (3) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., ethyl, propyl) having one        substituent selected from    -   (a) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., ethylsulfonyl) optionally        having 1 to 3 C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups (e.g., methoxy), and    -   (b) an amino group having one C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g.,        acetyl) optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups;        R^(D3) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., ethyl) or a C₂₋₆ alkenyl        group (e.g., vinyl);        R^(D5) is        (1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, pentyl) optionally        having 1 to 3 substituents selected from    -   (a) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzoyl),    -   (b) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group (e.g., phenyl) optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from        -   (i) a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom),            and        -   (ii) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy), and    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy) optionally having 1 to 3        C₆₋₁₀ aryl groups (e.g., phenyl);        (2) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl) optionally        having 1 to 3 substituents selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom),    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl) optionally having 1        to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom), and    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, isopropoxy); or        (3) a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group        (e.g., pyridyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected        from    -   (a) a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom),    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl), and    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy); and        R^(D6) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl),        or a salt thereof.        Compound (DI-3)

In the formula (DI), a compound wherein

X^(D) is NR^(D1) wherein R^(D1) is methyl;

Y^(D) is CR^(D7) wherein R^(D7) is a hydrogen atom, or a nitrogen atom(preferably CR^(D7) wherein R^(D7) is a hydrogen atom);

R^(D2) is a carbamoyl group having 1 or 2 substituents selected from

(1) a 4- to 12-membered (preferably 4- to 7-membered) non-aromaticheterocyclic group (e.g., morpholinyl, piperidyl, azepanyl) optionallyhaving 1 to 3 substituents selected from

-   -   (a) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups,    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., acetyl) optionally having        1 to 3 hydroxy groups, and    -   (c) an oxo group;        (2) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl,        cyclohexyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from    -   (a) a hydroxy group,    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl) optionally having 1 to 3        hydroxy groups,    -   (c) a carbamoyl group,    -   (d) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group (e.g., ethynyl), and    -   (e) a 5- to 12-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) aromatic        heterocyclic group (e.g., thienyl);        (3) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,        butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl) having one substituent        selected from    -   (a) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group (e.g., ethylsulfonyl) optionally        having 1 to 3 C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups (e.g., methoxy),    -   (b) an amino group having one C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group (e.g.,        acetyl) optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups,    -   (c) an amino group having 1 or 2 C₁₋₆ alkyl groups (e.g.,        methyl, ethyl) optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups,    -   (d) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group (e.g., phenyl) optionally having 1 to 3        C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl groups (e.g., methylsulfonyl),    -   (e) a 4- to 12-membered (preferably 4- to 7-membered)        non-aromatic heterocyclic group (e.g., pyrrolidinyl,        tetrahydrofuryl) optionally having 1 to 3 oxo groups,    -   (f) a 5- to 12-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) aromatic        heterocyclic group (e.g., furyl),    -   (g) a hydroxy group, and    -   (h) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy);        (4) a 5- to 12-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) aromatic        heterocyclic group (e.g., pyridyl); and        (5) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group (e.g., 2-propynyl);        R^(D3) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., ethyl) or a C₂₋₆ alkenyl        group (e.g., vinyl) (preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g.,        ethyl));        R^(D5) is        (1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, pentyl) optionally        having 1 to 3 substituents selected from    -   (a) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzoyl),    -   (b) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group (e.g., phenyl) optionally having 1 to 3        substituents selected from        -   (i) a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom),            and        -   (ii) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy), and    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy) optionally having 1 to 3        C₆₋₁₀ aryl groups (e.g., phenyl);        (2) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl) optionally        having 1 to 3 substituents selected from    -   (a) a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom),    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl) optionally having 1        to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom), and    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy, isopropoxy); or        (3) a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group        (e.g., pyridyl) optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected        from    -   (a) a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom),    -   (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl), and    -   (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy)        (preferably a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, pentyl)        having one benzoyl); and        R^(D6) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl),        or a salt thereof.        Compound (DI-4)

-   3,6-diethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide;

-   3-ethenyl-6-ethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide;    or

-   6-ethyl-3-(ethylamino)-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide;    or a salt thereof.

Examples of the salt in compound (DI) include metal salts, ammoniumsalts, salts with organic base, salts with inorganic acid, salts withorganic acid, salts with basic or acidic amino acid and the like.Preferable examples of the metal salt include alkali metal salts such assodium salt, potassium salt and the like; alkaline earth metal saltssuch as calcium salt, magnesium salt, barium salt and the like; analuminum salt and the like. Preferable examples of the salt with organicbase include salts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine,picoline, 2,6-lutidine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine,cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine and thelike. Preferable examples of the salt with inorganic acid include saltswith hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid,phosphoric acid and the like. Preferable examples of the salt withorganic acid include salts with formic acid, acetic acid,trifluoroacetic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaricacid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid,methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid andthe like. Preferable examples of the salt with basic amino acid includesalts with arginine, lysine, ornithine and the like, and preferableexamples of the salt with acidic amino acid include salts with asparticacid, glutamic acid and the like.

Of these, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is preferable. For example,when a compound has an acidic functional group, examples thereof includeinorganic salts such as alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium salt, potassiumsalt etc.), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium salt, magnesiumsalt etc.) and the like, ammonium salt etc., and when a compound has abasic functional group, examples thereof include salts with inorganicacids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuricacid, phosphoric acid and the like, or salts with organic acids such asacetic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid,maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid,benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.

The production method of the compound of the present invention isdescribed in the following.

In each of the following production methods, when alkylation reaction,amidation reaction (condensation reaction), esterification reaction,reduction reaction, reductive amination reaction, amination reaction,halogenation reaction, oxidation reaction and the like are performed,these reactions are performed according to methods known per se.Examples of such methods include the methods described in OrganicFunctional Group Preparations, 2nd edition, Academic Press, Inc. (1989),Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers Inc. (1989) andthe like, and the like.

In the following reaction, the starting compound or the intermediate maybe in the form of a salt. Examples of the salt include those similar tothe aforementioned salt of compound (DI).

The obtained compound in each step may be used in the form of thereaction mixture or as a crude product for the next step, or may beisolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method(e.g., separation means such as recrystallization, distillation,chromatography etc.).

In each of the above-mentioned reactions, when the starting compound hasan amino group, a carboxyl group or a hydroxy group as a substituent, aprotecting group generally used in peptide chemistry and the like may beintroduced into these groups. By removing the protecting group asnecessary after the reaction, the objective compound can be obtained.The protection and deprotection are performed according to a methodknown per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (1999).

Examples of the amino-protecting group include a formyl group, a C₁₋₆alkyl-carbonyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy-carbonyl group, a benzoyl group, aC₇₋₁₀ aralkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzylcarbonyl), a C₇₋₁₄aralkyloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl,9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl), a trityl group, a phthaloyl group, anN,N-dimethylaminomethylene group, a substituted silyl group (e.g.,trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl,tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiethylsilyl), a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group(e.g., 1-allyl) and the like. These groups are optionally substituted by1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkoxy groupand a nitro group.

Examples of the carboxy-protecting group include a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, aC₇₋₁₁ aralkyl group (e.g., benzyl), a phenyl group, a trityl group, asubstituted silyl group (e.g., trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl,dimethylphenylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiethylsilyl), aC₂₋₆ alkenyl group (e.g., 1-allyl) and the like.

Examples of the hydroxy-protecting group include a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, aphenyl group, a trityl group, a C₇₋₁₀ aralkyl group (e.g., benzyl), aformyl group, a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group, a benzoyl group, a C₇₋₁₀aralkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzylcarbonyl), a 2-tetrahydropyranylgroup, a 2-tetrahydrofuranyl group, a substituted silyl group (e.g.,trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl,tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiethylsilyl), a C₂₋₆ alkenyl group(e.g., 1-allyl) and the like. These groups are optionally substituted by1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, aC₁₋₆ alkoxy group and a nitro group.

The solvents indicated in generic terms, which are used in the followingreactions are explained in the following.

Examples of the “alcohols” include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol,2-propanol, tert-butyl alcohol and the like.

Examples of the “ethers” include diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether,diphenyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane andthe like.

Examples of the “esters” include ethyl acetate, methyl acetate,tert-butyl acetate and the like.

Examples of the “hydrocarbons” include benzene, toluene, xylene,cyclohexane, hexane, pentane and the like.

Examples of the “amides” include N,N-dimethylformamide,N,N-dimethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide and the like.

Examples of the “halogenated hydrocarbons” include dichloromethane,chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane,tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene and the like.

Examples of the “nitriles” include acetonitrile, propionitrile and thelike.

Examples of the “ketones” include acetone, 2-butanone and the like.

Examples of the “organic acids” include formic acid, acetic acid,propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid and the like.

Examples of the “aromatic amines” include pyridine, 2,6-lutidine,quinoline and the like.

Examples of the “sulfoxides” include dimethyl sulfoxide and the like.

Compound (DI) can be produced, for example, according to the following[Method DA] or a method analogous thereto.

wherein Q^(D3) is a leaving group, R^(D8) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group or aC₇₋₁₃ aralkyl group, and other symbols are as defined above.

Examples of the leaving group for Q^(D3) include a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxygroup optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., methylsulfonyloxy,ethylsulfonyloxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy), a C₆₋₁₀ arylsulfonyloxygroup optionally having 1 to 3 C₁₋₆ alkyl groups (e.g.,benzenesulfonyloxy, 4-toluenesulfonyloxy), C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group(e.g., methanesulfonyl), and the like.

Q^(D3) is preferably a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyloxy group.

R^(D8) is preferably ethyl, benzyl.

The reaction from compound (DVI) to compound (DV) can be carried out byreacting compound (DVI) with a sulfonylating reagent under basiccondition, in a solvent that does not adversely influence the reaction.

Examples of the sulfonylating reagent include trifluoromethanesulfonicanhydride, methanesulfonyl halides optionally having 1 to 3 halogenatoms, benzenesulfonyl halides optionally having 1 to 3 C₁₋₆ alkylgroups, and the like.

The amount of the sulfonylating reagent to be used is generally 1 to 2mol, preferably 1 to 1.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DVI).

Where necessary, a base may be used for the reaction under basiccondition. Examples of the base include triethylamine,diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the like.

The amount of the base to be used is generally 2 to 5 mol, preferably 2to 3 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DVI).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, alcohols, amides, esters and the like, andethers and amides are particularly preferable. Two or more kinds of theabove-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally −10 to 100° C., preferably 0 to60° C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

When R^(D3) is a C₁₋₆ alkenyl group optionally having substituent(s) oran amino group optionally having substituent(s), the reaction fromcompound (DV) to compound (DIV) can be carried out by reacting compound(DV) with a tin compound or amine corresponding to R^(D3), in a solventthat does not adversely influence the reaction.

Specifically, compound (DV) is reacted with a tin compound or aminecorresponding to R^(D3), a copper compound (e.g., copper powder,copper(I) iodide, copper(I) chloride, copper oxide, copper(II) acetateand the like) and a base (e.g., potassium carbonate, potassiumphosphate, triethylamine, pyridine).

Alternatively, compound (DV) is reacted with a tin compoundcorresponding to R^(D3), a palladium compound (e.g.,tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), palladium(II) acetate), aligand (e.g., 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene) and abase (e.g., cesium carbonate, sodium t-butoxide).

The amount of the tin compound or amine corresponding to R^(D3) to beused is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1 to 3 mol, per 1 mol ofcompound (DV).

The amount of the copper compound to be used is generally 0.01 to 1 mol,preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV).

The amount of the palladium compound to be used is generally 0.01 to 1mol, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV).

The amount of the ligand to be used is generally 0.01 to 1 mol,preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV).

The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1to 3 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, alcohols, amides, esters and the like, andethers and amides are particularly preferable. Two or more kinds of theabove-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 150° C., preferably 20 to120° C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

When R^(D3) is a mercapto group optionally having a substituent, ahalogen atom or a cyano group, the reaction from compound (DV) tocompound (DIV) can be carried out by reacting compound (DV) with athiol, metal halide or cyanide corresponding to R^(D3) in a solvent thatdoes not adversely influence the reaction, in the presence of a catalystand a base, as necessary.

Examples of the thiol corresponding to R^(D3) include methanethiol andethanethiol.

Examples of the metal halide corresponding to R^(D3) include sodiumbromide, lithium chloride and the like.

Examples of the cyanide corresponding to R^(D3) include zinc(II)cyanide, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, copper cyanide,trimethylsilyl cyanide and the like.

The amount of the thiol, metal halide or cyanide corresponding to R^(D3)to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1 to 3 mol, per 1 mol ofcompound (DV).

Examples of the catalyst used as necessary includetetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and the like.

The amount of the catalyst to be used is generally 0.001 to 1 mol,preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV).

Examples of the base used as necessary include1,8-azabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), sodium hydride, sodiummethoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate,sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine,4-dimethylaminopyridine and the like.

The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1to 3 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, alcohols, amides, esters and the like, andethers and amides are particularly preferable. Two or more kinds of theabove-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 150° C., preferably 20 to120° C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

The thiol, metal halide or cyanide corresponding to R^(D3) may becommercially available product, or can be produced from thecorresponding starting material compound according to a method known perse.

When R^(D3) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s) or acyclic group optionally having substituent(s), the reaction fromcompound (DV) to compound (DIV) can be carried out by reacting compound(DV) with a tin compound, boronic acid or borate corresponding to R^(D3)in a solvent that does not adversely influence the reaction, in thepresence of a base, as necessary.

Specifically, compound (DV) is reacted with a tin compound, boronic acidor borate corresponding to R^(D3), a palladium compound (e.g.,tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), palladium(II) acetate), ligand(e.g., 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene) and a base(e.g., cesium carbonate, sodium t-butoxide).

The amount of the tin compound, boronic acid or borate corresponding toR^(D3) to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1 to 3 mol, per 1mol of compound (DV).

The amount of the palladium compound to be used is generally 0.01 to 1mol, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV).

The amount of the ligand to be used is generally 0.01 to 1 mol,preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV).

The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1to 3 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, alcohols, amides, esters and the like, andethers and amides are particularly preferable. Two or more kinds of theabove-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 150° C., preferably 20 to120° C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

The tin compound, boronic acid or borate corresponding to R^(D3) may becommercially available product, or can be produced from thecorresponding starting material compound according to a method known perse.

When R^(D3) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having substituent(s), thereaction from compound (DV) to compound (DIV) can be carried out byreducing compound (DIV) wherein R^(D3) is a C₁₋₆ alkenyl groupoptionally having substituent(s) in a solvent that does not adverselyinfluence the reaction.

A catalytic hydrogenation can be employed for the reduction. Examples ofthe catalyst include Raney-nickel; platinum oxide; palladium, ruthenium,rhodium or iridium, which is supported on activated carbon, bariumsulfate, calcium carbonate or the like; and the like.

The amount of the catalyst to be used is generally 0.01 to 1 mol,preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV) wherein R^(D3) isa C₁₋₆ alkenyl group optionally having substituent(s).

Examples of the hydrogen source include hydrogen, cyclohexene,hydrazine, ammonium formate and the like.

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones, nitriles, amides,esters, water and the like, and alcohols, ethers and water areparticularly preferable. Two or more kinds of the above-mentionedsolvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 100° C., preferably 20 to 60°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

The reaction from compound (DIV) to compound (DIII) can be carried outusing compound (DIV) and a halide corresponding to R^(D5) under basiccondition, in a solvent that does not adversely influence the reaction.

The amount of the halide corresponding to R^(D5) to be used is generally1 to 20 mol, preferably 1 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DIV).

Where necessary, a base may be used for the reaction under basiccondition. Examples of the base include sodium hydride, sodiumt-butoxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate andthe like.

The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 20 is mol,preferably 1 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DIV).

In addition, an additive such as lithium hydroxide, lithium chloride,lithium bromide, lithium iodide and the like may be added in thereaction system, as necessary.

The amount of the additive to be used is generally 1 to 20 mol,preferably 1 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DIV).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones, nitriles, amides,esters, and the like, and ethers, nitriles and amides are particularlypreferable. Two or more kinds of the above-mentioned solvents may mixedin an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 130° C., preferably 20 to100° C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

The halide corresponding to R^(D5) may be commercially availableproduct, or can be produced from the corresponding starting materialcompound according to a method known per se.

The reaction from compound (DIII) to compound (DII) can be carried outby subjecting compound (DIII) to hydrolysis in the presence of an acidor a base, in a solvent that does not adversely influence the reaction.

Particularly, when R^(D8) is benzyl, a catalytic hydrogenation can beemployed in a solvent that does not adversely influence the reaction.

Examples of the acid include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and thelike.

Examples of the base include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide,lithium hydroxide and the like.

The amount of the acid or base to be used is generally 1 to 20 mol,preferably 1 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DIII).

Examples of the catalyst for the catalytic hydrogenation includeRaney-nickel; platinum oxide; palladium, ruthenium, rhodium or iridium,which is supported on activated carbon, barium sulfate, calciumcarbonate or the like; and the like.

The amount of the catalyst to be used is generally 0.01 to 1 mol,preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DIII).

Examples of the hydrogen source include hydrogen, cyclohexene,hydrazine, ammonium formate and the like.

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones, nitriles, amides,esters, water and the like, and alcohols, ethers and water areparticularly preferable. Two or more kinds of the above-mentionedsolvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 100° C., preferably 20 to 60°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

The reaction from compound (DII) to compound (DI) can be carried out bysubjecting compound (DII) to condensation with an amine corresponding toR^(D2), using a condensing agent, in a solvent that does not adverselyinfluence the reaction. Where necessary, a base such as tertiary amineand the like may be added.

Examples of the condensing agent include carbodiimides (e.g.,dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), water-soluble carbodiimide (WSCD)),phosphates (e.g., diethyl cyanophosphonate, diethyl chlorophosphonate,diphenylphosphoryl azide), BOP reagent (e.g.,1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate(PyBOP)), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HATU),2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ),carbonyldiimidazole and the like, and WSCD and HATU are particularlypreferable.

The amount of the amine corresponding to R^(D2) to be used is generally1 to 10 mol, preferably 1 to 2 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DII).

The amount of the condensing agent to be used is generally 1 to 10 mol,preferably 1 to 2 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DII).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, ketones, nitriles, amides, esters and thelike, and ethers and amides are particularly preferable. Two or morekinds of the above-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratioand used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 100° C., preferably 20 to 60°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

The amine corresponding to R^(D2) may be commercially available product,or can be produced from the corresponding starting material compoundaccording to a method known per se.

Compound (DVI) can be produced, for example, according to the following[Method DB] or a method analogous thereto.

wherein Q^(D1) and Q^(D2) are independently a leaving group, and othersymbols are as defined above.

Examples of the leaving group for Q^(D1) or Q^(D2) include thoseexemplified as the above-mentioned Q^(D3) and a halogen atom, and ahalogen atom is particularly preferable.

The reaction of compound (DIX) with compound (D1) can be carried out ina solvent that does not adversely influence the reaction, in thepresence of a base, as necessary.

The amount of compound (D1) to be used is generally 1 to 20 mol,preferably 1 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DIX).

Examples of the base include sodium hydride, sodium methoxide, sodiumethoxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydroxide,triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridineand the like.

The amount of the base to be used is generally 2 to 20 mol, preferably 2to 15 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DIX).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, alcohols, amides, esters and the like, andethers and amides are particularly preferable. Two or more kinds of theabove-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 100° C., preferably 20 to 90°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

Compound (D1) may be commercially available product, or can besynthesized according to a method known per se.

The reaction from compound (DVIII) to compound (DVII) can be carried outby reacting compound (DVIII) with a base in a solvent that does notadversely influence the reaction.

Examples of the base include sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodiumhydroxide and the like.

The amount of the base to be used is generally 2 to 5 mol, preferably 2to 3 mol, per of 1 mol of compound (DVIII).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, alcohols, amides, esters and the like, andethers and amides are particularly preferable. Two or more kinds of theabove-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 100° C., preferably 20 to 90°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

Compound (DVII) can also be obtained directly from compound (DIX)without isolation of compound (DVIII).

The reaction from compound (DVII) to compound (DVI) can be carried outby subjecting compound (DVII) to hydrolysis in the presence of an acidor a base, in a solvent that does not adversely influence the reaction.

The hydrolysis may be carried out after converting Q^(D2) of compound(DVII) to acetoxy or alkoxy, or directly in the presence of a base or anacid.

The conversion of Q^(D2) of compound (DVII) to acetoxy or alkoxy can becarried out, for example, by reacting compound (DVII) with sodiumacetate, sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide.

The amount of the sodium acetate, sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide tobe used is generally 1 to 20 mol, preferably 1 to 10 mol, per 1 mol ofcompound (DVII).

Examples of the acid include acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuricacid, methanesulfonic acid and the like.

Examples of the base include aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, aqueouspotassium hydroxide solution, aqueous lithium hydroxide solution and thelike.

The amount of the acid or base to be used is generally 1 to 20 mol,preferably 1 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DVII).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, nitriles, amides, waterand the like, and ethers and amides are particularly preferable, water.Two or more kinds of the above-mentioned solvents may mixed in anappropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 130° C., preferably 20 to100° C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

Compound (DIX-2), which is compound (DIX) wherein Y^(D) is a nitrogenatom, can be produced, for example, according to the following [MethodDC] or a method analogous thereto.

wherein each symbol is as defined above.

The reaction from compound (DXI) to compound (DX-2) can be carried outby reacting compound (DXI) with the Vilsmeier reagent, in a solvent thatdoes not influence the reaction.

Examples of the Vilsmeier reagent include DMF-phosphorus oxychloride,DMF-thionyl chloride and the like.

The amount of the DMF to be used is generally 1 to 2 mol, preferably 1to 1.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DXI).

The amount of the phosphorus oxychloride or thionyl chloride to be usedis generally 1 to 20 mol, preferably 1 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of compound(DX DXI).

Examples of the solvent that does not influence the reaction includeethers, hydrocarbons, nitriles, esters and the like, and ethers andnitriles are particularly preferable. Two or more kinds of theabove-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 180° C., preferably 0 to 150°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 48 hr, preferably 1 to 24 hr.Compound (DXI) can be synthesized according to a method known per se(e.g., the method described in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol.13, pages 1141-1144, 1976).

The reaction from compound (DX-2) to compound (DX) can be carried out byreacting compound (DX-2) with an oxidant in a solvent that does notinfluence the reaction.

Examples of the oxidant include sodium chlorite, potassium permanganate,m-chloroperbenzoic acid, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and the like.

The amount of the oxidant to be used is generally 1 to 3 mol, preferably1 to 2 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DX-2).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude alcohols, nitriles, amides, water and the like, and amides andwater are particularly preferable. Two or more kinds of theabove-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 60° C., preferably 20 to 40°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 48 hr, preferably 1 to 24 hr.

The reaction from compound (DX) to compound (DIX-2) can be carried out,for example, by converting compound (DX), which is a carboxylic acid, tothe corresponding acid chloride, and then the acid chloride with analcohol corresponding to R^(D9).

The conversion of the carboxylic acid to the acid chloride can becarried out by reacting compound (DX) with a halogenating agent, in asolvent that does not influence the reaction.

Examples of the halogenating agent include oxalyl chloride, thionylchloride, phosphoryl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorustribromide and the like.

The amount of the halogenating agent to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol,preferably 1 to 2 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DX).

In addition, DMF may be added to this reaction system.

The amount of the DMF to be used is generally 1 to 2 mol, preferably 1to 1.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DX).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, ketones, nitriles, amides, esters and thelike, and hydrocarbons, ethers and nitriles are particularly preferable.Two or more kinds of the above-mentioned solvents may mixed in anappropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 80° C., preferably 20 to 40°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 48 hr, preferably 1 to 24 hr.

The reaction of the acid chloride with an alcohol corresponding toR^(D9) can be carried out in a solvent that does not influence thereaction, in the presence of a base, as necessary.

The amount of the alcohol corresponding to R^(D9) to be used isgenerally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1 to 2 mol, per 1 mol of the acidchloride.

Examples of the base include triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine,pyridine and the like.

The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1to 2 mol, per 1 mol of the acid chloride.

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, ketones, nitriles, amides, esters and thelike, and ethers, nitriles and amides are particularly preferable. Twoor more kinds of the above-mentioned solvents may mixed in anappropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 80° C., preferably 20 to 40°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 48 hr, preferably 1 to 24 hr.

Compound (DIX-3), which is compound (DIX) wherein Y^(D) is CH, can alsobe produced, for example, according to the following [Method DD] or amethod analogous thereto.

wherein each symbol is as defined above.

The reaction from compound (DXII) to compound (DIX-3) can be carried outusing a halogenating reagent in a solvent that does not adverselyinfluence the reaction or without solvent, in the presence of a base, asnecessary.

Examples of the halogenating reagent include thionyl chloride,phosphoryl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus tribromide andthe like.

The amount of the halogenating reagent to be used is generally 1 to 20mol, preferably 2 to 10 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DXII).

Examples of the base include triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine,pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the like.

The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 20 mol, preferably 2to 10 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DXII).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, alcohols, amides, esters and the like. Twoor more kinds of the above-mentioned solvents may mixed in anappropriate ratio and used. This reaction is preferably carried outwithout solvent.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 130° C., preferably 20 to130° C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

Alternatively, The reaction from compound (DXII) to compound (DIX-3) canbe carried out using a sulfonylating reagent in a solvent that does notadversely influence the reaction or without solvent, in the presence ofa base, as necessary.

Examples of the sulfonylating reagent include trifluoromethanesulfonicanhydride, methanesulfonyl halides optionally having 1 to 3 halogenatoms, benzenesulfonyl halides optionally having 1 to 3 C₁₋₆ alkylgroups and the like.

The amount of the sulfonylating reagent to be used is generally 1 to 2mol, preferably 1 to 1.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DXII).

Examples of the base include triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine,pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the like.

The amount of the base to be used is generally 2 to 5 mol, preferably 2to 3 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DXII).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, alcohols, amides, esters and the like, andethers and amides are particularly preferable. Two or more kinds of theabove-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally −10 to 100° C., preferably 0 to60° C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

Compound (DXII) can be synthesized according to a method known per se(for example, the method described in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,vol. 51, pages 1385-1392, 2008).

Compound (DIII-3), which is compound (DIII) wherein Y^(D) is CH, canalso be produced, for example, according to the following or a methodanalogous thereto.

wherein each symbol is as defined above.

The reaction from compound (DXII) to compound (DXII-2) can be carriedout according [Method DD], while adjusting the amount of the reagent andthe reaction time.

The reaction from compound (DXII-2) to compound (DXII-3) can be carriedout according to the reaction from compound (DIV) to compound (DIII)shown in [Method DA].

The reaction from compound (DXII-3) to compound (DVI-3) can be carriedout according to the reaction from compound (DIX) to compound (DVII)shown in [Method DB].

The reaction from compound (DVI-3) to compound (DV-3) can be carried outaccording to the reaction from compound (DVI) to compound (DV) shown in[Method DA].

The reaction from compound (DV-3) to compound (DIII-3) can be carriedout according to the reaction from compound (DV) to compound (DIV) shownin [Method DA].

When R^(D5) is reduced during the reduction reaction, compound (DIII-3)can also be synthesized by oxidizing R^(D5).

Examples of the oxidant include a combination of 4-methylmorpholineN-oxide and tetrapropylammonium perruthenate, and the like. The amountof the 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide to be used is generally 1 to 10 molper 1 mol of the reduced compound, and the amount of thetetrapropylammonium perruthenate to be used is generally 0.01 to 0.5 molper 1 mol of the reduced compound.

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude hydrocarbons, alcohols, amides, nitriles, esters and the like,and nitriles are particularly preferable. Two or more kinds of theabove-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally −10 to 60° C., preferably 1.0 to40° C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

Compound (DI) can also be produced by the above-mentioned reactioncombined with, when desired, one or two or more of known hydrolysis,deprotection, acylation reaction, alkylation reaction, oxidationreaction, cyclization reaction, carbon chain extension reaction andsubstituent exchange reaction.

Compound (DIII-4), which is compound (DIII-3) wherein R^(D3) is an aminogroup optionally having substituent(s), can also be produced, forexample, according to the following [Method DF] or a method analogousthereto.

wherein R^(D3′) is an amino group optionally having substituent(s), andother symbols are as defined above.

The reaction from compound (DV-3) to compound (DV-4) can be carried out,for example, by reacting compound (DV-3) with benzophenonimine, and thensubjecting the resulting compound to hydrolysis.

The reaction of compound (DV-3) with benzophenonimine can be carried outin the presence of a base and a metal complex, in a solvent that doesnot adversely influence the reaction.

The amount of the benzophenonimine to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol,preferably 1 to 2 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV-3).

Examples of the base include cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate,sodium t-butoxide and the like.

The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1to 3 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV-3).

Examples of the metal complex include a complex consisting oftris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and4,5′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9′-dimethylxanthene.

The amount of the complex to be used is generally 0.05 to 1 mol,preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV-3).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones, nitriles, amides,esters and the like, and ethers and hydrocarbons are particularlypreferable. Two or more kinds of the above-mentioned solvents may mixedin an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 100° C., preferably 20-80° C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.

The hydrolysis can be carried out under acidic conditions, in a solventthat does not adversely influence the reaction.

Examples of the acid include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid,methanesulfonic acid and the like.

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude alcohols, nitriles, amides and the like, and alcohols and amidesare particularly preferable. Two or more kinds of the above-mentionedsolvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 60° C., preferably 20 to 40°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 48 hr, preferably 1 to 24 hr.

The reaction from compound (DV-4) to compound (DIII-4) can be carriedout, for example, by subjecting compound (DV-4) to reduction alkylationreaction using a combination of a carbonyl compound and a reducingagent, or to substitution reaction which is a reaction with an alkylgroup having a leaving group or an acyl group. In addition, thesereactions may be combined.

The reduction alkylation reaction can be carried out, for example, usinga carbonyl compound corresponding to the “substituent” of the “aminogroup optionally having substituent(s)” for R^(D3′) and a reducingagent, in a solvent that does not adversely influence the reaction, inthe presence of an acid, as necessary.

The amount of the carbonyl compound to be used is generally 1 to 3 mol,preferably 1 to 2 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV-4).

Examples of the reducing agent include sodium borohydride, sodiumtriacetoxyborohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride and the like.

The amount of the reducing agent to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol,preferably 1 to 3 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV-4).

Examples of the acid include hydrochloric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid,acetic acid and the like.

The amount of the acid to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1to 3 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV-4).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, nitriles, amides and the like,and alcohols, ethers and amides are particularly preferable. Two or morekinds of the above-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratioand used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 60° C., preferably 0 to 40°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 48 hr, preferably 1 to 24 hr.

The carbonyl compound corresponding to the “substituent” of the “aminogroup optionally having substituent(s)” for R^(D3′) may be commerciallyavailable product, or can be produced from the corresponding startingmaterial compound according to a method known per se.

The alkylation reaction can be carried out, for example, using an alkylhalide compound corresponding to the “substituent” of the “amino groupoptionally having substituent(s)” for R^(D3′), in a solvent that doesnot adversely influence the reaction, in the presence of a base, asnecessary.

The amount of the alkyl halide compound to be used is generally 1 to 3mol, preferably 1 to 2 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV-4).

Examples of the base include sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, cesiumcarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine,pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene(DBU) and the like, and pyridine, triethylamine anddiisopropylethylamine are particularly preferable.

The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1to 3 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV-4).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, nitriles, amides and the like,and ethers and amides are particularly preferable. Two or more kinds ofthe above-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 60° C., preferably 0 to 40°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 48 hr, preferably 1 to 24 hr.

The alkylhalide compound corresponding to the “substituent” of the“amino group optionally having substituent(s)” for R^(D3′) may becommercially available product, or can be produced from thecorresponding starting material compound according to a method known perse.

The acylation reaction can be carried out, for example, using an acidchloride corresponding to the “substituent” of the “amino groupoptionally having substituent(s)” for R^(D3′), in the presence of abase, in a solvent that does not adversely influence the reaction.

The amount of the acid chloride to be used is generally 1 to 3 mol,preferably 1 to 2 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV-4).

Examples of the base include sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, cesiumcarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine,pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene(DBU) and the like, and pyridine, triethylamine anddiisopropylethylamine are particularly preferable.

The amount of the base to be used is generally 1 to 5 mol, preferably 1to 3 mol, per 1 mol of compound (DV-4).

Examples of the solvent that does not adversely influence the reactioninclude ethers, hydrocarbons, ketones, nitriles, amides, esters and thelike, and ethers and amides are particularly preferable. Two or morekinds of the above-mentioned solvents may mixed in an appropriate ratioand used.

The reaction temperature is generally 0 to 60° C., preferably 0 to 40°C.

The reaction time is generally 0.5 to 48 hr, preferably 1 to 24 hr.

The acid chloride corresponding to the “substituent” of the “amino groupoptionally having substituent(s)” for R^(D3′) can be produced from thecorresponding starting material compound according to a method known perse.

Compound (DI) can be isolated and purified by a means known per se, suchas phase transfer, concentration, solvent extraction, fractionation,liquid conversion, crystallization, recrystallization, chromatographyand the like. When compound (DI) is obtained as a free compound, it canbe converted to a desired salt by a method known per se or a methodanalogous thereto. Conversely, when the compound is obtained as a salt,it can be converted to a free form or other desired salt by a methodknown per se or a method analogous thereto.

A compound within the scope of the present invention can also beproduced by applying a means known per se to compound (DI) forintroduction of substituents and conversion of functional groups. Forconversion of substituents, a known conventional method can be used. Forexample, conversion to amino by hydrolysis of amide, conversion tocarboxy by hydrolysis of ester, conversion to carbamoyl by amidation ofcarboxy, conversion to hydroxymethyl by reduction of carboxy, conversionto alcohol compound by reduction or alkylation of carbonyl, reductiveamination of carbonyl, oximation of carbonyl, acylation, ureation,sulfonylation or alkylation of amino, substitution and amination ofactive halogen by amine, amination by reduction of nitro, alkylation ofhydroxy, substitution and amination of hydroxy and the like. When areactive substituent that causes non-objective reaction is presentduring the introduction of substituents and conversion of functionalgroups, a protecting group is introduced in advance as necessary intothe reactive substituent by a means known per se, and the protectinggroup is removed by a means known per se after the objective reaction,whereby the compound within the scope of the present invention can alsobe produced.

Compound (DI) may be used as a prodrug. A prodrug of compound (DI) meansa compound converted to compound (DI) by a reaction due to an enzyme, agastric acid, etc. under the physiological condition in the living body,that is, a compound converted to compound (DI) by oxidation, reduction,hydrolysis, etc. due to an enzyme, a compound converted to compound (DI)by hydrolysis etc. due to gastric acid, and the like.

Examples of the prodrug of compound (DI) include a compound obtained bysubjecting amino in compound (DI) to an acylation, alkylation orphosphorylation (e.g., a compound obtained by subjecting amino incompound (DI) to eicosanoylation, alanylation, pentylaminocarbonylation,(5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methoxycarbonylation,tetrahydrofuranylation, pyrrolidylmethylation, pivaloyloxymethylation ortert-butylation); a compound obtained by subjecting hydroxy in compound(DI) to acylation, alkylation, phosphorylation or boration (e.g., acompound obtained by subjecting hydroxy in the compound (DI) toacetylation, palmitoylation, propanoylation, pivaloylation,succinylation, fumarylation, alanylation or dimethylaminoacethylation);a compound obtained by subjecting carboxy in compound (DI) toesterification or amidation (e.g., a compound obtained by subjectingcarboxy in compound (DI) to ethyl esterification, phenyl esterification,carboxymethyl esterification, dimethylaminomethyl esterification,pivaloyloxymethyl esterification, ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl esterification,phthalidyl esterification, (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methylesterification, cyclohexyloxycarbonylethyl esterification ormethylamidation) and the like. Any one of these compounds can beproduced from compound (DI) by a method known per se.

A prodrug of compound (DI) may also be a compound converted intocompound (DI) under physiological conditions, such as those described inIYAKUHIN no KAIHATSU (Development of Pharmaceuticals), Vol. 7, Design ofMolecules, p. 163-198, Published by HIROKAWA SHOTEN (1990).

When compound (DI) has an isomer such as optical isomer, stereoisomer,positional isomer, rotational isomer and the like, any isomer and amixture thereof are encompassed in compound (DI). For example, whencompound (DI) has an optical isomer, an optical isomer resolved from aracemate is also encompassed in compound (DI). Such isomers can beobtained as independent products by a synthesis means or a separationmeans (concentration, solvent extraction, column chromatography,recrystallization and the like) known per se.

Compound (DI) may be a crystal, and both a single crystal and crystalmixtures are encompassed in compound (DI). Crystals can be produced bycrystallization according to crystallization methods known per se.

Compound (DI) may also be a cocrystal.

Compound (DI) may be a hydrate, a non-hydrate, a solvate or anon-solvate.

A compound labeled with an isotope (e.g., ²H, ³H, ¹⁴C, ³⁵S, ¹²⁵I etc.)is also encompassed in compound (DI).

Compound (DI) may be a deuterium conversion.

Compound (DI) or a prodrug thereof (sometimes to be abbreviated as “thecompound of the present invention” in the present specification)interacts, for example, with human Smo protein and changes the stericstructure thereof, whereby formation of a complex with a proteininvolved in the signal transduction in the cytoplasm is inhibited andthe Hedgehog signal transduction system is inhibited. Alternatively, thecompound of the present invention interacts with human Smo protein anddirectly inhibits formation of a complex of human Smo protein with aprotein involved in the Hedgehog signal transduction system in thecytoplasm, whereby the Hedgehog signal transduction system is inhibited.Alternatively, the compound of the present invention interacts with asite of an Smo protein, for example, phosphorylation site and the like,which is modified by a protein involved in the Hedgehog signaltransduction system, whereby modification such as phosphorylation of Smoand the like is inhibited and the Hedgehog signal transduction system isinhibited.

Inhibition of the Hedgehog signal transduction system can be measured,for example, by quantifying a decrease in the expression level of areporter gene connected to the downstream of the Gli binding site basedon the fluorescence intensity according to the following ExperimentalExample 1. Alternatively, it can be measured by quantifying theexpression of Gli-1 mRNA in a cell extract by quantitative PCR methodand the like. A compound that inhibits Hedgehog signal targets Smo,which can be confirmed, for example, by binding fluorescence-labeledCyclopamine and a test compound to cells expressing Smo, measuring thefluorescence level of the cell, and comparing the value with thatwithout addition of a test compound to find a decrease.

Accordingly, the compound of the present invention is useful as an Smoinhibitor for mammals (e.g., mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog,bovine, sheep, monkey, human). The compound of the present invention isused as a medicament of diseases possibly influenced by Smo, forexample, cancer [e.g., colorectal cancer (e.g., colorectal cancer,rectal cancer, anal cancer, familial colorectal cancer, hereditarynonpolyposis colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor), lungcancer (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer,malignant mesothelioma), mesothelioma, pancreatic cancer (e.g.,pancreatic duct cancer, pancreatic endocrine tumor), pharyngeal cancer,laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, esophagus cancer, gastric cancer(e.g., papillary adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, adenosquamouscancer), duodenal cancer, small intestinal cancer, breast cancer (e.g.,invasive ductal breast carcinoma, ductal cancer in situ, inflammatorybreast cancer), ovarian cancer (e.g., ovarian epithelial cancer,extragonadal germ cell tumor, ovarian germ cell tumor, ovarian lowmalignant potential tumor), testicular tumor, prostate cancer (e.g.,hormone-dependent prostate cancer, non-hormone dependent prostatecancer), liver cancer (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma, primary livercancer, bile duct cancer, extrahepatic bile duct cancer), thyroid cancer(e.g., medullary, thyroid cancer), kidney cancer (e.g., renal cellcarcinoma, renal pelvis and ureter transitional cell cancer), uterinecancer (e.g., cervical cancer, cancer of uterine body, uterine sarcoma),brain tumor (e.g., medulloblastoma, glioma, pineal astrocytoma,pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma,pituitary adenoma), retinoblastoma, skin cancer (e.g., basal cellcarcinoma, malignant melanoma), sarcoma (e.g., rhabdomyosarcoma,leiomyosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma), malignant bone tumor, urinarybladder cancer, hematologic cancer (e.g., multiple myeloma, leukemia,malignant lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, chronic myeloproliferativedisorder), cancer unknown primary], a cancer growth inhibitor, a cancermetastasis inhibitor, an apoptosis promoter and the like.

Among these, the compound of the present invention is effective, forexample, for brain tumor, skin cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer,biliary tract cancer, prostate cancer, esophagus cancer, gastric cancer,colorectal cancer, sarcoma and breast cancer.

Especially, the compound of the present invention is effective forglioma, medulloblastoma, basal cell tumor, small cell lung cancer,pancreatic cancer, biliary tract cancer, prostate cancer, esophaguscancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma and breastcancer.

The compound of the present invention can be administered orally orparenterally as it is or in a mixture with a pharmacologicallyacceptable carrier.

The dosage form of the compound of the present invention for oraladministration is, for example, tablet (including sugar-coated tablet,film-coated tablet), pill, granule, powder, capsule (including softcapsule, microcapsule), syrup, emulsion, suspension and the like, andthe dosage form for parenteral administration is, for example,injection, injecting agent, instillation, suppository and the like. Inaddition, it is effective to make a sustained release preparation bycombining the compound with a suitable base (e.g., polymer of butyricacid, polymer of glycolic acid, copolymer of butyric acid-glycolic acid,a mixture of a polymer of butyric acid and a polymer of glycolic acid,polyglycerol fatty acid ester etc.).

As a method for producing the compound of the present invention in theabove-mentioned dosage form, a known production method generally used inthe pertinent field can be employed. When the above-mentioned dosageform is produced, suitable amounts of additives such as excipient,binder, disintegrant, lubricant, sweetening agent, surfactant,suspending agent, emulsifier and the like, generally used in thepharmaceutical field, are appropriately added as necessary forproduction.

When the compound of the present invention is prepared into a tablet,for example, it can be produced by adding an excipient, a binder, adisintegrant, a lubricant and the like, and when a pill or a granule isto be prepared, it can be produced by adding an excipient, a binder, adisintegrant and the like. When a powder or a capsule is to be prepared,it can be produced by adding an excipient and the like, when a syrup isto be prepared, it can be produced by adding a sweetener and the like,and when an emulsion or a suspension is to be prepared, it can beproduced by adding a suspending agent, a surfactant, an emulsifier andthe like.

Examples of the excipient include lactose, sucrose, glucose, starch,sucrose, crystalline cellulose, powdered glycyrrhiza, mannitol, sodiumhydrogen carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate and the like.

Examples of the binder include 5 to 10 wt % starch liquid paste, 10 to20 wt % gum arabic solution or gelatin solution, 1 to 5 wt % tragacanthsolution, carboxymethyl cellulose solution, sodium alginate solution,glycerin and the like.

Examples of the disintegrant include starch, calcium is carbonate andthe like.

Examples of the lubricant include magnesium stearate, stearic acid,calcium stearate, purified talc and the like.

Examples of the sweetener include glucose, fructose, invert sugar,sorbitol, xylitol, glycerin, simple syrup and the like.

Examples of the surfactant include sodium lauryl sulfate, polysorbate80, sorbitan monofatty acid ester, polyoxyl 40 stearate and the like.

Examples of the suspending agent include gum arabic, sodium alginate,sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, bentonite and thelike.

Examples of the emulsifier include gum arabic, tragacanth, gelatin,polysorbate 80 and the like.

Furthermore, when the compound of the present invention is produced inthe above-mentioned dosage form, a suitable amount of a colorant, apreservative, an aromatic, a corrigent, a stabilizer, a thickening agentand the like typically used in the field of preparation can be added ondemand.

As the injection, intravenous injection as well as subcutaneousinjection, intracutaneous injection, intramuscular injection,instillation and the like are mentioned, and as the sustained releasepreparation, an iontophoresis transdermal agent and the like arementioned.

Such injections are prepared by methods known per se, or by dissolving,suspending or emulsifying the compound of the present invention in asterilized aqueous or oily liquid. As an aqueous liquid for injection,physiological saline, isotonic solutions containing glucose or otherauxiliary drugs (e.g., D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, sodium chloride) and thelike, and they can be used in combination with suitable solubilizingagents, such as alcohols (e.g., ethanol), polyalcohols (e.g., propyleneglycol, polyethylene glycol), nonionic surfactants (e.g., polysorbate80, HCO-50) and the like. As an oily liquid, sesame oil, soybean oil andthe like, which may be used in combination with solubilizing agents suchas benzyl benzoate, benzyl alcohol and the like. In addition, buffers(e.g., phosphate buffer, sodium acetate buffer), soothing agents (e.g.,benzalkonium chloride, procaine hydrochloride), stabilizers (e.g., humanserum albumin, polyethylene glycol), preservatives (e.g., benzylalcohol, phenol) and the like can be blended. A prepared injection isgenerally filled in an ampoule.

While the content of the compound of the present invention in themedicament of the present invention varies depending on the form of thepharmaceutical preparation, it is generally about 0.01 to 100 wt %,preferably about 2 to 85 wt %, more preferably about 5 to 70 wt %,relative to the entire preparation.

While the content of the additive in the medicament of the presentinvention varies depending on the form of the pharmaceuticalpreparation, it is generally about 1 to 99.9 wt %, preferably about 10to 90 wt %, relative to the entire preparation.

The compound of the present invention is stable and low toxic, and canbe used safely. While the daily dose varies depending on the conditionand body weight of patients, the kind of compound, administration routeand the like, in the case of, for example, oral administration topatients for the treatment of cancer, the daily dose to an adult (bodyweight about 60 kg) is about 1 to 1000 mg, preferably about 3 to 300 mg,more preferably about 10 to 200 mg, as an active ingredient (thecompound of the present invention), which can be given in a singleadministration or administered in 2 or 3 is portions a day.

When the compound of the present invention is administered parenterally,it is generally administered in the form of a liquid (e.g., injection).While the dose varies depending on the subject of administration, targetorgan, symptom, administration method and the like, it is, for example,about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg, preferably about 0.01 to about 50 mg,more preferably about 0.01 to about 20 mg, in the form of an injection,relative to 1 kg body weight, which is preferably given by intravenousinjection.

The compound of the present invention can be used concurrently withother drugs. To be specific, the compound of the present invention canbe used together with medicaments such as hormonal therapeutic agents,chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapeutic agents, medicamentsinhibiting the action of cell growth factors or cell growth factorreceptors and the like. In the following, the drugs that can be used incombination with the compound of the present invention are abbreviatedas concomitant drugs.

Examples of the “hormonal therapeutic agents” include fosfestrol,diethylstylbestrol, chlorotrianisene, medroxyprogesterone acetate,megestrol acetate, chlormadinone acetate, cyproterone acetate, danazol,allylestrenol, gestrinone, mepartricin, raloxifene, ormeloxifene,levormeloxifene, anti-estrogens (e.g., tamoxifen citrate, toremifenecitrate), pill preparations, mepitiostane, testrolactone,aminoglutethimide, LH-RH agonists (e.g., goserelin acetate, buserelin,leuprorelin), droloxifene, epitiostanol, ethinylestradiol sulfonate,aromatase inhibitors (e.g., fadrozole hydrochloride, anastrozole,retrozole, exemestane, vorozole, formestane), anti-androgens (e.g.,flutamide, bicartamide, nilutamide), 5α-reductase inhibitors (e.g.,finasteride, epristeride), aderenal cortex hormone drugs (e.g.,dexamethasone, prednisolone, betamethasone, triamcinolone), androgensynthesis inhibitors (e.g., abiraterone), retinoid and drugs that retardretinoid metabolism (e.g., liarozole), thyroid hormone, and DDS (DrugDelivery System) preparations thereof, and the like.

Examples of the “chemotherapeutic agents” include alkylating agents,antimetabolites, anticancer antibiotics, plant-derived anticanceragents, and the like.

Examples of the “alkylating agents” include nitrogen mustard, nitrogenmustard-N-oxide hydrochloride, chlorambutyl, cyclophosphamide,ifosfamide, thiotepa, carboquone, improsulfan tosylate, busulfan,nimustine hydrochloride, mitobronitol, melphalan, dacarbazine,ranimustine, sodium estramustine phosphate, triethylenemelamine,carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin, pipobroman, etoglucid, carboplatin,cisplatin, miboplatin, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, altretamine,ambamustine, dibrospidium hydrochloride, fotemustine, prednimustine,pumitepa, ribomustin, temozolomide, treosulphan, trophosphamide,zinostatin stimalamer, adozelesin, cystemustine, bizelesin, DDSpreparations thereof, and the like.

Examples of the “antimetabolites” include mercaptopurine,6-mercaptopurine riboside, thioinosine, methotrexate, pemetrexed,enocitabine, cytarabine, cytarabine ocfosfate, ancitabine hydrochloride,5-FU drugs (e.g., fluorouracil, tegafur, UFT, doxifluridine, carmofur,gallocitabine, emitefur, capecitabine), aminopterine, nelzarabine,leucovorin calcium, tabloid, butocine, calcium folinate, levofolinatecalcium, cladribine, emitefur, fludarabine, gemcitabine,hydroxycarbamide, pentostatin, piritrexim, idoxuridine, mitoguazone,thiazophrine, ambamustine, bendamustine, DDS preparations thereof, andthe like.

Examples of the “anticancer antibiotics” include actinomycin-D,actinomycin-C, mitomycin-C, chromomycin-A3, bleomycin hydrochloride,bleomycin sulfate, peplomycin sulfate, daunorubicin hydrochloride,doxorubicin hydrochloride, aclarubicin hydrochloride, pirarubicinhydrochloride, epirubicin hydrochloride, neocarzinostatin, mithramycin,sarcomycin, carzinophilin, mitotane, zorubicin hydrochloride,mitoxantrone hydrochloride, idarubicin hydrochloride, DDS preparationsthereof, and the like.

Examples of the “plant-derived anticancer agents” include etoposide,etoposide phosphate, vinblastine sulfate, vincristine sulfate, vindesinesulfate, teniposide, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, DDSpreparations thereof, and the like.

Examples of the “immunotherapeutic agents (BRM)” include picibanil,krestin, sizofuran, lentinan, ubenimex, interferons, interleukins,macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulatingfactor, erythropoietin, lymphotoxin, BCG vaccine, Corynebacteriumparvum, levamisole, polysaccharide K, procodazole, anti-CTLA4 antibody,and the like.

Example of the “cell growth factors” in the “medicaments inhibiting theaction of cell growth factors or cell growth factor receptors” includeany substances that promote cell proliferation, which are normallypeptides having not more than 20,000 molecular weight that are capableof exhibiting their activity at low concentrations by binding to areceptor, including (1) EGF (epidermal growth factor) or substancespossessing substantially the same activity as EGF [e.g., TGFα], (2)insulin or substances possessing substantially the same activity asinsulin [e.g., insulin, IGF (insulin-like growth factor)-1, IGF-2], (3)FGF (fibroblast growth factor) or substances possessing substantiallythe same activity as FGF [e.g., acidic FGF, basic FGF, KGF (keratinocytegrowth factor), FGF-10], and (4) other cell growth factors [e.g., CSF(colony stimulating factor), EPO (erythropoietin), IL-2 (interleukin-2),NGF (nerve growth factor), PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor), TGFβ(transforming growth factor β), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor), heregulin, angiopoietin].

Examples of the “cell growth factor receptors” include any receptorscapable of binding to the aforementioned cell growth factors, includingEGF receptor, heregulin receptor (HER3, etc.), insulin receptorinhibitor, IGF receptor-1, IGF receptor-2, FGF receptor-1 or FGFreceptor-2, VEGF receptor, angiopoietin receptor (Tie2 etc.), PDGFreceptor, c-MET, c-Kit, Trk and the like.

Examples of the “medicaments inhibiting the action of cell growthfactors or cell growth factor receptors” include EGF inhibitor, TGFαinhibitor, heregulin inhibitor, insulin inhibitor, IGF inhibitor, FGFinhibitor, KGF inhibitor, CSF inhibitor, EPO inhibitor, IL-2 inhibitor,NGF inhibitor, PDGF inhibitor, TGFβ inhibitor, HGF inhibitor, VEGFinhibitor, angiopoietin inhibitor, EGF receptor inhibitor, HER2inhibitor, HER4 inhibitor, insulin receptor, IGF-1 receptor inhibitor,IGF-2 receptor inhibitor, FGF receptor-1 inhibitor, FGF receptor-2inhibitor, FGF receptor-3 inhibitor, FGF receptor-4 inhibitor, VEGFreceptor inhibitor, Tie-2 inhibitor, PDGF receptor inhibitor, Ablinhibitor, Raf inhibitor, FLT3 inhibitor, c-Kit inhibitor, Srcinhibitor, PKC inhibitor, Trk inhibitor, Ret inhibitor, mTOR inhibitor,MEK(MEK1/2) inhibitor, MET inhibitor, Akt inhibitor, ERK inhibitor andthe like. More specifically, anti-VEGF antibody (Bevacizumab etc.),anti-HER2 antibody (Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab etc.), anti-EGFR antibody(Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Matuzumab, Nimotuzumab etc.), anti-VEGFRantibody, Imatinib mesylate, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib,Dasatinib, Lapatinib, Vatalanib,4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-6-methoxy-7-[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propoxy]quinazoline(AZD-2171), Lestaurtinib, Pazopanib, Canertinib, Tandutinib,3-(4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzyloxy)-5-[3-[4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)butyl]ureido]isothiazole-4-carboxamide(CP-547632), Axitinib,N-(3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-6-yl)-2-(pyridin-4-ylmethylamino)pyridine-3-carboxamide(AMG-706), Nilotinib,6-[4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]-N-[1(R)-phenylethyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine(AEE-788), Vandetanib, Temsirolimus, Everolimus, Sirolimus, Enzastaurin,N-[4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylamino)pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide(VX-680),2-[N-[3-[4-[5-[N-(3-fluorophenyl)carbamoylmethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-ylamino]quinazolin-7-yloxy]propyl]-N-ethylamino]ethylphosphate (AZD-1152),4-[9-chloro-7-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepin-2-ylamino]benzoicacid (MLN-8054),N-[2-methoxy-5-[(E)-2-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)vinylsulfonylmethyl]phenyl]glycinesodium salt (ON-1910Na),4-[8-cyclopentyl-7(R)-ethyl-5-methyl-6-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-2-ylamino]-3-methoxy-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)benzamide(BI-2536), 2-hydroxyethyl5-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenylamino)-4-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-6-carbohydroxamate(AZD-6244),N-[2(R),3-dihydroxypropoxy]-3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)benzamide(PD-0325901) and the like are used.

In addition to the aforementioned drugs, cell cycle inhibitors (e.g.,Aurora A inhibitors, Aurora B inhibitors, PLK inhibitors, CDKinhibitors), pro-apoptotic agents (e.g., Bcl-2 inhibitors, IAPinhibitors, Nedd-8 inhibitors), proteasome inhibitors (e.g.,bortezomib), (Hedgehog signal inhibitors (e.g., Vismodegib, LDE225,IPI-926), Wnt signal inhibitors (e.g., β-catenin/TCF inhibitors,anti-Wnt antibody), Notch signal inhibitors (e.g., anti-Notch antibody,γ-secretase inhibitors), L-asparaginase, aceglatone, procarbazinehydrochloride, protoporphyrin-cobalt complex salt, mercurichematoporphyrin-sodium, topoisomerase I inhibitors (e.g., irinotecan,topotecan), topoisomerase II inhibitors (e.g., sobuzoxane),differentiation inducers (e.g., retinoid, vitamin D), other angiogenesisinhibitors (e.g., humagillin, shark extract, COX-2 inhibitor),α-blockers (e.g., tamsulosin hydrochloride), bisphosphonic acids (e.g.,pamidronate, zoledronate), thalidomide, 5-azacytidine, decitabine,antitumor antibody such as anti-CD20 antibody and the like, toxinlabeled antibody and the like can also be used.

By combining the compound of the present invention and a concomitantdrug, a superior effect such as

(1) the dose can be reduced as compared to single administration of thecompound of the present invention or a concomitant drug,

(2) the drug to be combined with the compound of the present inventioncan be selected according to the condition of patients (mild case,severe case and the like),

(3) the period of treatment can be set longer,

(4) a sustained treatment effect can be designed,

(5) a synergistic effect can be afforded by a combined use of thecompound of the present invention and a concomitant drug, and the like,can be achieved.

In the present specification, the compound of the present invention anda concomitant drug used in combination are referred to as the“combination agent of the present invention”.

For use of the combination agent of the present invention, theadministration time of the compound of the present invention and theconcomitant drug is not restricted, and the compound of the presentinvention and the concomitant drug can be administered to anadministration subject simultaneously, or may be administered atdifferent times. The dosage of the concomitant drug may be determinedaccording to the dose clinically set, and can be appropriately selecteddepending on the administration subject, administration route, disease,combination and the like.

Examples of the administration mode of the combined use of the compoundof the present invention and the concomitant drug include the followingmethods: (1) The compound of the present invention and the concomitantdrug are simultaneously produced to give a single preparation, which isthen administered. (2) The compound of the present invention and theconcomitant drug are separately produced to give two kinds ofpreparations which are administered simultaneously by the sameadministration route. (3) The compound of the present invention and theconcomitant drug are separately produced to give two kinds ofpreparations which are administered by the same administration route atdifferent times. (4) The compound of the present invention and theconcomitant drug are separately produced to give two kinds ofpreparations which are administered simultaneously by differentadministration routes. (5) The compound of the present invention and theconcomitant drug are separately produced to give two kinds ofpreparations which are administered by different administration routesat different times (e.g., the compound of the present invention and theconcomitant drug are administered in this order, or in the reverseorder). The dose of the concomitant drug is appropriately determined inaccordance with its clinical dose, and the ratio of the compound of thepresent invention and the concomitant drug is appropriately determineddepending on the administration subject, administration route, targetdisease, symptom, combination, and the like. For example, when theadministration subject is human, the concomitant drug is used in 0.01 to100 (parts by weight), relative to 1 part by weight of the compound ofthe present invention.

The combination agent of the present invention has low toxicity and, forexample, the compound of the present invention and/or theabove-mentioned concomitant drug can be mixed, according to a methodknown per se, with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier to givepharmaceutical compositions, such as tablets (including sugar-coatedtablet, film-coated tablet), powders, granules, capsules (including softcapsule), solutions, injections, suppositories, sustained release agentsand the like, which can be safely administered orally or parenterally(e.g., local, rectum, venous). An injection can be administered byintravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or intra-organ administration,or directly to the lesion.

As a pharmacologically acceptable carrier which may be used forpreparing the combination agent of the present invention, those similarto the aforementioned pharmacologically acceptable carriers, that can beused for the production of the pharmaceutical agent of the presentinvention, can be mentioned. Where necessary, the aforementionedadditives that can be used for the production of the pharmaceuticalagent of the present invention, such as preservatives, antioxidants,colorants, sweetening agents, adsorbents, wetting agents and the likecan also be appropriately used in appropriate amounts.

The compounding ratio of the compound of the present invention to theconcomitant drug in the combination agent of the present invention canbe appropriately set depending on the administration subject,administration route, diseases and the like.

For example, the content of the compound of the present invention in thecombination agent of the present invention varies depending on thedosage form, and is usually from about 0.01 to 100% by weight,preferably from about 0.1 to 50% by weight, further preferably fromabout 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the entire preparation.

The content of the concomitant drug in the combination agent of thepresent invention varies depending on the dosage form, and is usuallyfrom about 0.01 to 90% by weight, preferably from about 0.1 to 50% byweight, further preferably from about 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on theentire preparation.

The content of additives in the combination agent of the presentinvention varies depending on the dosage form, and is usually from about1 to 99.99% by weight, preferably from about 10 to 90% by weight, basedon the entire preparation.

When the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug areseparately prepared, the same content may be adopted.

These preparations can be produced by a method known per se, which isgenerally employed in the preparation process.

For example, the compound of the present invention and the concomitantdrug can be made into an aqueous injection together with a dispersingagent (e.g., Tween 80 (manufactured by Atlas Powder, US), HCO 60(manufactured by Nikko Chemicals), polyethylene glycol,carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose,dextrin), a stabilizer (e.g., ascorbic acid, sodium pyrosulfite), asurfactant (e.g., Polysorbate 80, macrogol), a solubilizer (e.g.,glycerin, methanol), a buffer (e.g., phosphoric acid and alkali metalsalt thereof, citric acid and alkali metal salt thereof), an isotonizingagent (e.g., sodium chloride, potassium chloride, mannitol, sorbitol,glucose), a pH adjuster (e.g., hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide), apreservative (e.g., ethyl paraoxybenzoate, benzoic acid, methylparaben,propylparaben, benzyl alcohol), a dissolving agent (e.g., conc.glycerin, meglumine), a solubilizing agent (e.g., propylene glycol,sucrose), a soothing agent (e.g., glucose, benzyl alcohol), and thelike, or can be dissolved, suspended or emulsified in a vegetable oilsuch as olive oil, sesame oil, cotton seed oil, corn oil and the like ora solubilizing agent such as propylene glycol and the like and preparedinto an oily injection, whereby an injection is afforded.

In addition, an excipient (e.g., lactose, sucrose, starch), adisintegrating agent (e.g., starch, calcium carbonate), a binder (e.g.,starch, gum arabic, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone,hydroxypropylcellulose), a lubricant (e.g., talc, magnesium stearate,polyethylene glycol 6000) and the like may be added to the compound ofthe present invention or the concomitant drug, and the mixture can becompression-molded, according to a method known per se then ifdesirable, the molded product can be coated by a method known per se forthe purpose of masking of taste, enteric property or durability, to givea preparation for oral administration. As the coating agent, forexample, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ethylcellulose,hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polyoxyethylene glycol,Tween 80, Pluronic F68, cellulose acetate phthalate,hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, hydroxymethylcellulose acetatesuccinate, Eudoragit (methacrylic acid.acrylic acid copolymer,manufactured by Rohm, DE), pigment (e.g., iron oxide red, titaniumdioxide) and the like can be used. The preparation for oraladministration may be any of an immediate-release preparation and asustained release preparation.

Moreover, the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drugcan be made into an oily or aqueous solid, semisolid or liquidsuppository according to a method known per se, by mixing them with anoily substrate, aqueous substrate or aqueous gel substrate. As theabove-mentioned oily substrate, for example, glycerides of higher fattyacid [e.g., cacao butter, Witepsols (manufactured by Dynamit Nobel,Germany)], glycerides of medium chain fatty acid [e.g., Miglyols(manufactured by Dynamit Nobel, Germany)], or vegetable oils (e.g.,sesame oil, soybean oil, cotton seed oil), and the like are mentioned.Furthermore, as the aqueous substrate, for example, polyethylene glycol,propylene glycol and the like are mentioned, and as the aqueous gelsubstrate, for example, natural gums, cellulose derivatives, vinylpolymers, acrylic acid polymers and the like are mentioned.

As the above-mentioned sustained release preparation, sustained releasemicrocapsules and the like are mentioned. The sustained releasemicrocapsule can be produced by a method known per se, for example, amethod shown in the following [2].

The compound of the present invention is preferably molded into apreparation for oral administration such as a solid preparation (e.g.,powder, granule, tablet, capsule) and the like, or molded into apreparation for rectal administration such as a suppository and thelike. Particularly, a preparation for oral administration is preferable.

The concomitant drug can be made into the above-mentioned drug formdepending on the kind of the drug.

[1] An injection of the compound of the present invention or theconcomitant drug, and preparation thereof, [2] a sustained releasepreparation or immediate-release preparation of the compound of thepresent invention or the concomitant drug, and preparation thereof, [3]a sublingual, buccal or intraoral quick integrating agent of thecompound of the present invention or the concomitant drug, andpreparation thereof, will be described below specifically.

[1] Injection and Preparation Thereof.

An injection prepared by dissolving the compound of the presentinvention or the concomitant drug into water is preferable. Thisinjection may be allowed to contain a benzoate and/or salicylate.

The injection is obtained by dissolving the compound of the presentinvention or the concomitant drug, and if desirable, a benzoate and/orsalicylate, into water.

As the above-mentioned salts of benzoic acid and salicylic acid, forexample, salts of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and the like,salts of alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium and the like,ammonium salts, meglumine salts, salts with organic bases such astromethamol and the like, etc. are listed.

The concentration of the compound of the present invention or theconcomitant drug in an injection is from 0.5 to 50 w/v %, preferablyfrom about 3 to 20 w/v %. The concentration of a benzoate or/andsalicylate is from 0.5 to 50 w/v %, preferably from about 3 to 20 w/v %.

The injection of the present invention appropriately contains additivesusually used in an injection, for example, a stabilizer (e.g., ascorbicacid, sodium pyrosulfite), a surfactant (e.g., Polysorbate 80,macrogol), a solubilizer (e.g., glycerin, ethanol), a buffer (e.g.,phosphoric acid and alkali metal salt thereof, citric acid and alkalimetal salt thereof), an isotonizing agent (e.g., sodium chloride,potassium chloride), a dispersing agent (e.g.,hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, dextrin), a pH regulator (e.g.,hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide), a preservative (e.g., ethylparahydroxybenzoate, benzoic acid), a dissolving agent (e.g., conc.glycerin, meglumine), a solubilizing agent (e.g., propylene glycol,sucrose), a soothing agent (e.g., glucose, benzyl alcohol), and thelike. These additives are generally blended in a proportion usually usedin an injection.

It is advantageous that pH of an injection be controlled from pH 2 to12, preferably from pH 2.5 to 8.0, by addition of a pH regulator.

An injection is obtained by dissolving the compound of the presentinvention or the concomitant drug and if desirable, a benzoate and/or asalicylate, and if necessary, the above-mentioned additives into water.These may be dissolved in any order, and can be appropriately dissolvedin the same manner as in a conventional method of producing aninjection.

An aqueous solution for injection may be advantageously heated,alternatively, for example, filter sterilization, high pressure heatsterilization and the like can be conducted in the same manner as for ausual injection, to provide an injection.

It may be advantageous that an aqueous solution for injection issubjected to high pressure heat sterilization at 100 to 121° C. for 5 to30 min.

Further, a preparation endowed with an antibacterial property of asolution may also be produced so that it can be used as a preparationwhich is divided and administered multiple-times.

[2] Sustained Release Preparation or Immediate-Release Preparation, andPreparation Thereof.

A sustained release preparation is preferable which is obtained, ifdesirable, by coating a nucleus containing the compound of the presentinvention or the concomitant drug with a film agent such as awater-insoluble substance, swellable polymer and the like. For example,a sustained release preparation for oral administration of onceadministration per day type is preferable.

As the water-insoluble substance used in a film agent, there are listed,for example, cellulose ethers such as ethylcellulose, butylcellulose andthe like, cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulosepropionate and the like, polyvinyl esters such as polyvinyl acetate,polyvinyl butyrate and the like, acrylic acid/methacrylic acidcopolymers, methyl methacrylate copolymers, ethoxyethylmethacrylate/cinnamoethyl methacrylate/aminoalkyl methacrylatecopolymers, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, methacrylic acidalkylamide copolymers, poly(methyl methacrylate), polymethacrylate,polymethacrylamide, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymers, poly(methacrylicanhydride), glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, particularly, acrylicacid-based polymers such as Eudoragit (Rohm Pharma) such as EudoragitRS-100, RL-100, RS-30D, RL-30D, RL-PO, RS-PO (ethyl acrylate/methylmethacrylate/trimethylchloride methacrylate/ethyl ammonium copolymer),Eudoragit NE-30D (methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate copolymer), and thelike, hydrogenated oils such as hydrogenated castor oil (e.g., LUBRIWAX; Freund Corporation)), waxes such as carnauba wax, fatty acidglycerin ester, paraffin and the like, polyglycerin fatty acid esters,and the like.

As the swellable polymer, polymers having an acidic dissociating groupand showing pH dependent swell are preferable, and polymers having anacidic dissociating group, which manifest small swelling in acidicregions such as in stomach and large swelling in neutral regions such asin small intestine and large intestine, are preferable.

As such a polymer having an acidic dissociating group and showing pHdependent swell, cross-linkable polyacrylic acid polymers such as, forexample, Carbomer 934P, 940, 941, 974P, 980, 1342 and the like,polycarbophil, calcium polycarbophil (all of which are manufactured byBF Goodrich), Hiviswako 103, 104, 105, 304 (all are manufactured by WakoPure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and the like, are listed.

The film agent used in a sustained release preparation may furthercontain a hydrophilic substance.

As the hydrophilic substance, for example, polysaccharides which maycontain a sulfate group such as pullulan, dextrin, alkali metal alginateand the like, polysaccharides having a hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl suchas hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose,carboxymethylcellulose sodium and the like, methylcellulose,polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and thelike.

The content of a water-insoluble substance in the film agent of asustained release preparation is from about 30 to about 90% (w/w),preferably from about 35 to about 80% (w/w), further preferably, fromabout 40 to about 75% (w/w), the content of a swellable polymer is fromabout 3 to about 30% (w/w), preferably from about 3 to about 15% (w/w).The film agent may further contain a hydrophilic substance, and in whichcase, the content of a hydrophilic substance in the film agent is about50% (w/w) or less, preferably about 5 to about 40% (w/w), furtherpreferably from about 5 to about 35% (w/w). This % (w/w) indicates % byweight based on a film agent composition which is obtained by removing asolvent (e.g., water, lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and thelike) from a film agent solution.

The sustained release preparation is produced by preparing a nucleuscontaining a drugs as exemplified below, then, coating the resultednucleus with a film agent solution prepared by heat-solving awater-insoluble substance, swellable polymer and the like or bydissolving or dispersing it in a solvent.

I. Preparation of Nucleus Containing Drug

The form of nucleus containing a drug to be coated with a film agent(hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as nucleus) is notparticularly restricted, and preferably the nucleus is formed intoparticles such as a granule or fine particle.

When the nucleus is composed of granules or fine particles, the averageparticle size thereof is preferably from about 150 to about 2000 μm,further preferably from about 500 to about 1400 μm.

Preparation of the nucleus can be effected by a usual production method.For example, a suitable excipient, binding agent, disintegrating agent,lubricant, stabilizer and the like are mixed with a drug, and themixture is subjected to a wet extrusion granulating method, fluidizedbed granulating method or the like, to prepare a nucleus.

The content of drugs in a nucleus is from about 0.5 to about 95% (w/w),preferably from about 5.0 to about 80% (w/w), further preferably fromabout 30 to about 70% (w/w).

As the excipient contained in the nucleus, for example, saccharides suchas sucrose, lactose, mannitol, glucose and the like, starch, crystallinecellulose, calcium phosphate, corn starch and the like are used. Amongthem, crystalline cellulose, corn starch are preferable.

As the binding agent, for example, polyvinyl alcohol,hydroxypropylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone,Pluronic F68, gum Arabic, gelatin, starch and the like are used. As thedisintegrating agent, for example, carboxymethylcellulose calcium(ECG505), croscarmelose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol), crosslinkedpolyvinylpyrrolidone (Crospovidone), low substitutedhydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC) and the like are used. Among them,hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lower substitutedhydroxypropylcellulose are preferable. As the lubricant and coagulationinhibitor, for example, talc, magnesium stearate and inorganic saltsthereof are used, and as the lubricant, polyethylene glycol and the likeare used. As the stabilizer, acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid,succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and the like, are used.

A nucleus can also be prepared by, in addition to the above-mentionedproductions method, for example, a rolling granulation method in which adrug or a mixture of a drug with an excipient, lubricant and the like isadded portionwise onto an inert carrier particle which is the core ofthe nucleus while spraying a binder dissolved in a suitable solvent suchas water, lower alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol and the like) and thelike, a pan coating method, a fluidized bed coating method or a meltgranulating method. As the inert carrier particle, for example, thosemade of sucrose, lactose, starch, crystalline cellulose or waxes can beused, and the average particle size thereof is preferably from about 100μm to about 1500 μm.

For separating a drug contained in a nucleus and a film agent, thesurface of the nucleus may be coated with a protective agent. As theprotective agent, for example, the above-mentioned hydrophilicsubstances, water-insoluble substances and the like are used. As theprotective agent, preferably polyethylene glycol, and polysaccharideshaving a hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl are used, more preferablyhydroxypropylmethylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose are used. Theprotective agent may contain, as stabilizer, acids such as tartaricacid, citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and thelike, and lubricants such as talc and the like. When the protectiveagent is used, the coating amount is from about 1 to about 15% (w/w),preferably from about 1 to about 10% (w/w), further preferably fromabout 2 to about 8% (w/w), based on the nucleus.

The protective agent can be coated by a usual coating method, andspecifically, the protective agent can be coated by spray-coating thenucleus, for example, by a fluidized bed coating method, pan coatingmethod and the like.

II. Coating of Nucleus with Film Agent

A nucleus obtained in the above-mentioned step I is coated with a filmagent solution obtained by heat-solving the above-mentionedwater-insoluble substance and pH-dependent swellable polymer, and ahydrophilic substance, or by dissolving or dispersing them in a solvent,to give a sustained release preparation.

As the method for coating a nucleus with a film agent solution, forexample, a spray coating method and the like are listed.

The composition ratio of a water-insoluble substance, swellable polymeror hydrophilic substance in a film agent solution is appropriatelyselected so that the contents of these components in a coated film arethe above-mentioned contents, respectively.

The coating amount of a film agent is from about 1 to about 90% (w/w),preferably from about 5 to about 50% (w/w), further preferably fromabout 5 to about 35% (w/w), based on a nucleus (not including coatingamount of protective agent).

As the solvent in a film agent solution, water or an organic solvent canbe used alone or in admixture thereof. In the case of use in admixture,the mixing ratio of water to an organic solvent (water/organic solvent:by weight) can be varied in the range from 1 to 100%, and preferablyfrom 1 to about 30%. The organic solvent is not particularly restrictedproviding it dissolves a water-insoluble substance, and for example,lower alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol,n-butyl alcohol and the like, lower alkanone such as acetone and thelike, acetonitrile, chloroform, methylene chloride and the like areused. Among them, lower alcohols are preferable, and ethyl alcohol andisopropyl alcohol are particularly preferable. Water, and a mixture ofwater with an organic solvent are preferably used as a solvent for afilm agent. In this case, if necessary, an acid such as tartaric acid,citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and the like mayalso be added into a film agent solution for stabilizing the film agentsolution.

An operation of coating by spray coating can be effected by a usualcoating method, and specifically, it can be effected by spray-coating afilm agent solution onto a nucleus by a fluidized bed coating method,pan coating method and the like. In this case, if necessary, talc,titanium oxide, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, light anhydroussilicic acid and the like may also be added as a lubricant, and glycerinfatty acid ester, hydrogenated castor oil, triethyl citrate, cetylalcohol, stearyl alcohol and the like may also be added as aplasticizer.

After coating with a film agent, if necessary, an antistatic agent suchas talc and the like may be mixed.

The immediate-release preparation may be liquid (solution, suspension,emulsion and the like) or solid (particle, pill, tablet and the like).As the immediate-release preparation, oral administration agents andparenteral administration agents such as an injection and the like areused, and oral administration agents are preferable.

The immediate-release preparation, usually, may contain, in addition toan active component drug, also carriers, additives and excipientsconventionally used in the pharmaceutical field (hereinafter, sometimesabbreviated as excipient). The excipient used is not particularlyrestricted providing it is an excipient ordinarily used as a preparationexcipient. For example, as the excipient for an oral solid preparation,lactose, starch, corn starch, crystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101,manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, and the like), powder sugar,granulated sugar, mannitol, light anhydrous silicic acid, magnesiumcarbonate, calcium carbonate, L-cysteine and the like are listed, andpreferably corn starch and mannitol and the like are listed. Theseexcipients can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Thecontent of the excipient is, for example, from about 4.5 to about 99.4w/w %, preferably from about 20 to about 98.5 w/w %, further preferablyfrom about 30 to about 97 w/w %, based on the total amount of theimmediate-release preparation.

The content of a drug in the immediate-release preparation can beappropriately selected in the range from about 0.5 to about 95 w/w %,preferably from about 1 to about 60 w/w % based on the total amount ofthe immediate-release preparation.

When the immediate-release preparation is an oral solid preparation, itusually contains, in addition to the above-mentioned components, also anintegrating agent. As this integrating agent, for example,carboxymethylcellulose calcium (ECG-505, manufactured by GotokuYakuhin), croscarmelose sodium (e.g., Actisol, manufactured by AsahiKasei Corporation), crospovidone (e.g., Kollidon CL, manufactured byBASF), low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.,Ltd.), carboxymethylstarch (Matsutani Kagaku K.K.), carboxymethylstarchsodium (Exprotab, manufactured by Kimura Sangyo), partiallypregelatinized starch (PCS, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation),and the like are used, and for example, those which disintegrate agranule by absorbing water in contact with water, causing swelling, ormaking a channel between an effective ingredient and an excipientconstituting the nucleus, can be used. These disintegrating agents canbe used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of thedisintegrating agent used is appropriately selected depending on thekind and blending amount of a drug used, design of releasing property,and the like, and for example, from about 0.05 to about 30 w/w %,preferably from about 0.5 to about 15 w/w %, based on the total amountof the immediate-release preparation.

When the immediate-release preparation is an oral solid preparation, itmay further contain, in addition to the above-mentioned composition, ifdesired, additives conventional in solid preparations. As such anadditive, there are used, for example, a binder (e.g., sucrose, gelatin,gum Arabic powder, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose,hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose,polyvinylpyrrolidone, pullulan, dextrin and the like), a lubricant(e.g., polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate, talc, light anhydroussilicic acid (e.g., Aerosil (Nippon Aerosil))), a surfactant (e.g.,anionic surfactants such as sodium alkylsulfate and the like, nonionicsurfactants such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester and polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives andthe like), a colorant (e.g., tar coloring matter, caramel, iron oxidered, titanium oxide, riboflavins), if necessary, an appetizing agent(e.g., sweetening agent, flavoring agent and the like), an adsorbent,preservative, wetting agent, antistatic agent, and the like. Further, asthe stabilizer, an organic acid such as tartaric acid, citric acid,succinic acid, fumaric acid and the like may also be added.

As the above-mentioned binder, hydroxypropylcellulose, polyethyleneglycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like are preferably used.

The immediate-release preparation can be prepared by, based on a usualtechnology of producing preparations, mixing the above-mentionedcomponents, and if necessary, further kneading the mixture, and moldingit. The above-mentioned mixing is conducted by generally used methods,for example, mixing, kneading and the like. Specifically, when aimmediate-release preparation is formed, for example, into a particle,it can be prepared, according to the same means as in theabove-mentioned method for preparing a nucleus of a sustained releasepreparation, by mixing the components using a vertical granulator,universal kneader (manufactured by Hata Tekkosho), fluidized bedgranulator FD-5S (manufactured by Powrex Corporation), and the like, andthen, granulating the mixture by a wet extrusion granulation method,fluidized bed granulation method and the like.

Thus obtained immediate-release preparation and sustained releasepreparation may be themselves made into products or made into productsappropriately together with preparation excipients and the like,separately, by an ordinary method, then, may be administeredsimultaneously or may be administered in combination at anyadministration interval, or they may be themselves made into onepreparation for oral administration (e.g., granule, fine particle,tablet, capsule) or made into one preparation for oral administrationappropriately together with preparation excipients and the like. It mayalso be permissible that they are made into granules or fine particles,and filled in the same capsule to be used as a preparation for oraladministration.

[3] Sublingual, Buccal or Intraoral Quick Disintegrating Agent andPreparation Thereof.

Sublingual, buccal or intraoral quick disintegrating agents may be asolid preparation such as tablet and the like, or may be an oral mucosamembrane patch (film).

As the sublingual, buccal or intraoral quick disintegrating agent, apreparation containing the compound of the present invention or theconcomitant drug and an excipient is preferable. It may contain alsoauxiliary agents such as a lubricant, isotonizing agent, hydrophiliccarrier, water-dispersible polymer, stabilizer and the like. Further,for easy absorption and increased in vivo use efficiency, β-cyclodextrinor β-cyclodextrin derivatives (e.g., hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) andthe like may also be contained.

As the above-mentioned excipient, lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, starch,crystalline cellulose, light anhydrous silicic acid and the like arelisted. As the lubricant, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc,colloidal silica and the like are listed, and particularly, magnesiumstearate and colloidal silica are preferable. As the isotonizing agent,sodium chloride, glucose, fructose, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose,saccharose, glycerin, urea and the like are listed, and particularly,mannitol is preferable. As the hydrophilic carrier, swellablehydrophilic carriers such as crystalline cellulose, ethylcellulose,crosslinkable polyvinylpyrrolidone, light anhydrous silicic acid,silicic acid, dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate and the like arelisted, and particularly, crystalline cellulose (e.g., microcrystallinecellulose) is preferable. As the water-dispersible polymer, gums (e.g.,gum tragacanth, acacia gum, cyamoposis gum), alginates (e.g., sodiumalginate), cellulose derivatives (e.g., methylcellulose,carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose,hydroxypropylmethylcellulose), gelatin, water-soluble starch,polyacrylic acids (e.g., Carbomer), polymethacylic acid, polyvinylalcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycarbophil,ascorbic acid, palmitates and the like are listed, andhydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, alginate, gelatin,carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol andthe like are preferable. Particularly, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose ispreferable. As the stabilizer, cysteine, thiosorbitol, tartaric acid,citric acid, sodium carbonate, ascorbic acid, glycine, sodium sulfiteand the like are listed, and particularly, citric acid and ascorbic acidare preferable.

The sublingual, buccal or intraoral quick disintegrating agent can beproduced by mixing the compound of the present invention or theconcomitant drug and an excipient by a method known per se. Further, ifdesired, the above-mentioned auxiliary agents such as a lubricant,isotonizing agent, hydrophilic carrier, water-dispersible polymer,stabilizer, colorant, sweetening agent, preservative and the like may bemixed. The sublingual, buccal or intraoral quick disintegrating agent isobtained by mixing the above-mentioned components simultaneously or at atime interval, then subjecting the mixture to tablet-making moldingunder pressure. For obtaining suitable hardness, it may also bepermissible that the materials are moistened by using a solvent such aswater, alcohol and the like if desired before and after the tabletmaking process, and after the molding, the materials are dried, toobtain a product.

In the case of molding into a mucosa membrane patch (film), the compoundof the present invention or the concomitant drug and the above-mentionedwater-dispersible polymer (preferably hydroxypropylcellulose,hydroxypropylmethylcellulose), excipient and the like are dissolved in asolvent such as water and the like, and the resulted solution is cast togive a film. Further, additives such as a plasticizer, stabilizer,antioxidant, preservative, colorant, buffer, sweetening agent and thelike may also be added. For imparting suitable elasticity to the film,glycols such as polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and the like maybe contained, or for enhancing adhesion of the film to an intraoralmucosa membrane lining, a bio-adhesive polymer (e.g., polycarbophil,carbopol) may also be contained. In the casting, a solution is poured onthe non-adhesive surface, spread to uniform thickness (preferably about10 to 1000 micron) by an application tool such as a doctor blade and thelike, then, the solution is dried to form a film. It may be advantageousthat thus formed film is dried at room temperature or under heat, andcut into a desired area.

As the preferable intraoral quick disintegrating agent, there are listedsolid quick scattering dose agents composed of a network body comprisingthe compound of the present invention or the concomitant drug, and awater-soluble or water-diffusible carrier which is inert to the compoundof the present invention or concomitant drug, are listed. This networkbody is obtained by sublimating a solvent from the solid compositionconstituted of a solution prepared by dissolving the compound of thepresent invention or the concomitant drug in a suitable solvent.

It is preferable that the composition of an intraoral quickdisintegrating agent contains a matrix forming agent and a secondarycomponent, in addition to the compound of the present invention or theconcomitant drug.

Examples of the matrix forming agent include gelatins, dextrins, animalproteins or vegetable proteins such as soybean, wheat and psyllium seedprotein and the like; rubber substances such as gum Arabic, guar gum,agar, xanthan and the like; polysaccharides; alginic acids;carboxymethylcelluloses; carageenans; dextrans; pectines; syntheticpolymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like; substances derivedfrom a gelatin-gum Arabic complex, and the like. Further, saccharidessuch as mannitol, dextrose, lactose, galactose, trehalose and the like;cyclic saccharides such as cyclodextrin and the like; inorganic saltssuch as sodium phosphate, sodium chloride and aluminum silicate and thelike; amino acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as glycine,L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-hydroxyproline,L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine and the like, are contained.

One or more of the matrix forming agents can be introduced in a solutionor suspension before solidification. Such as matrix forming agent may bepresent in addition to a surfactant, or may be present while asurfactant being excluded. The matrix forming agents aid to maintain thecompound of the present invention or the concomitant drug in thesolution or suspension in diffused condition, in addition to formationof the matrix.

The composition may contain secondary components such as a preservative,antioxidant, surfactant, thickening agent, colorant, pH controllingagent, flavoring agent, sweetening agent, food taste masking agent andthe like. As the suitable colorant, there are listed red, black andyellow iron oxides, and FD & C dyes such as FD & C Blue 2, FD & C Red 40and the like manufactured by Ellis and Everard. Examples of the suitableflavoring agent include mint, raspberry, licorice, orange, lemon,grapefruit, caramel, vanilla, cherry, grape flavor and combinationsthereof. Examples of the suitable pH controlling agent include citricacid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and maleic acid.Examples of the suitable sweetening agent include aspartame, acesulfameK and thaumatin and the like. Examples of the suitable food tastemasking agent include sodium bicarbonate, ion exchange resin,cyclodextrin-inclusion compounds, adsorbent substances andmicrocapsulated apomorphine.

The preparation contains the compound of the present invention or theconcomitant drug in an amount usually from about 0.1 to about 50% byweight, preferably from about 0.1 to about 30% by weight, and preferableare preparations (such as the above-mentioned sublingual agent, buccaland the like) which can dissolve 90% or more of the compound of thepresent invention or the concomitant drug (into water) within the timerange of about 1 to about 60 min, preferably of about 1 to about 15 min,more preferably of about 2 to about 5 min, and intraoral quickdisintegrating preparations which are disintegrated within the range of1 to 60 sec, preferably of 1 to 30 sec, further preferably of 1 to 10sec, after placed in an oral cavity.

The content of the above-mentioned excipient in the whole preparation isfrom about 10 to about 99% by weight, preferably from about 30 to about90% by weight. The content of β-cyclodextrin or β-cyclodextrinderivative in the whole preparation is from 0 to about 30% by weight.The content of the lubricant in the whole preparation is from about 0.01to about 10% by weight, preferably from about 1 to about 5% by weight.The content of the isotonizing agent in the whole preparation is fromabout 0.1 to about 90% by weight, preferably from about 10 to about 70%by weight. The content of the hydrophilic carrier in the wholepreparation is from about 0.1 to about 50% by weight, preferably fromabout 10 to about 30% by weight. The content of the water-dispersiblepolymer in the whole preparation is from about 0.1 to about 30% byweight, preferably from about 10 to about 25% by weight. The content ofthe stabilizer in the whole preparation is from about 0.1 to about 10%by weight, preferably from about 1 to 5% by weight. The above-mentionedpreparation may further contain additives such as a colorant, sweeteningagent, preservative and the like, if necessary.

The dosage of a combination agent of the present invention differsdepending on the kind of a compound of the present invention, age, bodyweight, condition, drug form, administration method, administrationperiod and the like, and for example, for one cancer patient (adult,body weight: about 60 kg), the combination agent is administeredintravenously, at a dose of about 0.01 to about 1000 mg/kg/day,preferably about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg/day, more preferably about 0.1to about 100 mg/kg/day, particularly about 0.1 to about 50 mg/kg/day,especially about 1.5 to about 30 mg/kg/day, in terms of the compound ofthe present invention or the concomitant drug, respectively, once orseveral times in division a day. Of course, since the dose as describedabove varies depending on various conditions, amounts smaller than theabove-mentioned dosage may sometimes be sufficient, further, amountsover that range sometimes have to be administered.

The amount of the concomitant drug can be set at any value unless sideeffects are problematical. The daily dosage in terms of the concomitantdrug differs depending on the severity of the symptom, age, sex, bodyweight, sensitivity difference of the administration subject,administration period, interval, and nature, pharmacy, kind of thepharmaceutical preparation, kind of effective ingredient, and the like,and not particularly restricted, and the amount of a drug is, in thecase of oral administration for example, usually from about 0.001 to2000 mg, preferably from about 0.01 to 500 mg, further preferably fromabout 0.1 to 100 mg, per 1 kg body weight of a mammal, which is usuallyadministered once to 4-times in division a day.

In administration of a combination agent of the present invention, thecompound of the present invention may be administered afteradministration of the concomitant drug or the concomitant drug may beadministered after administration of the compound of the presentinvention, though they may be administered simultaneously. Whenadministered at a time interval, the interval differs depending on theeffective ingredient to be administered, drug form and administrationmethod, and for example, when the concomitant drug is administeredfirst, a method in which the compound of the present invention isadministered within time range of from 1 min to 3 days, preferably from10 min to 1 day, more preferably from 15 min to 1 hr afteradministration of the concomitant drug is exemplified. When the compoundof the present invention is administered first, a method in which theconcomitant drug is administered within time range of from 1 min to 1day, preferably from 10 min to 6 hrs, more preferably from 15 min to 1hr after administration of the compound of the present invention isexemplified.

In a preferable administration method, for example, the concomitant drugwhich has been molded into an oral administration preparation isadministered orally at a daily dose of about 0.001 to 200 mg/kg, andabout 15 min later, the compound of the present invention which has beenmolded into an oral administration preparation is administered orally ata daily dose of about 0.005 to 100 mg/kg.

Furthermore, the compound of the present invention or the combinationagent of the present invention can be used concurrently with a non-drugtherapy. To be precise, the compound of the present invention or thecombination agent of the present invention can be combined with anon-drug therapy such as (1) surgery, (2) hypertensive chemotherapyusing angiotensin II etc., (3) gene therapy, (4) thermotherapy, (5)cryotherapy, (6) laser cauterization, (7) radiotherapy, and the like.

For example, by using the compound of the present invention or thecombination agent of the present invention before or after an surgeryand the like, or before or after a combined treatment of two or threekinds thereof, effects such as prevention of emergence of resistance,prolongation of Disease-Free Survival, suppression of cancer metastasisor recurrence, prolongation of life and the like can be afforded.

In addition, it is possible to combine a treatment with the compound ofthe present invention or the combination agent of the present inventionwith a supportive therapy [(i) administration of antibiotic (e.g.,β-lactam type such as pansporin and the like, macrolide type such asclarithromycin and the like) for the complication with variousinfectious diseases, (ii) administration of high-calorie transfusion,amino acid preparation or general vitamin preparation for theimprovement of malnutrition, (iii) administration of morphine for painmitigation, (iv) administration of a pharmaceutical agent forameliorating side effects such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea,leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, decreased hemoglobin concentration, hairloss, hepatopathy, renopathy, DIC, fever and the like and (v)administration of a pharmaceutical agent for suppressing multiple drugresistance of cancer and the like].

Preferably, the compound of the present invention or the combinationagent of the present invention is administered orally (includingsustained-release preparations), intravenously (including boluses,infusions and clathrates), subcutaneously and intramuscularly (includingboluses, infusions and sustained-release preparations), transdermally,intratumorally or proximally before or after the above-describedtreatment is conducted.

As a period for administering the compound of the present invention orthe combination agent of the present invention before the surgery, etc.,for example, it can be administrated 1-time about 30 min to 24 hrsbefore the surgery, etc., or in 1 to 3 cycles about 3 months to 6 monthsbefore the surgery, etc. In this way, the surgery, etc. can be conductedeasily because, for example, a cancer tissue would be reduced byadministering the compound of the present invention or the combinationagent of the present invention before the surgery, and the like.

As a period for administering the compound of the present invention orthe combination agent of the present invention after the surgery, etc.,for example, it can be administrated repeatedly per a few weeks to 3months, about 30 min to 24 hrs after the surgery, and the like. In thisway, it enhances the effect of the surgery, etc. by administering thecompound of the present invention or the combination agent of thepresent invention after the surgery, and the like.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is explained in detail in the following byreferring to Reference Examples, Examples, Formulation Examples andExperimental Examples, which are not to be construed as limitative.

In the Reference Examples and Examples, the purity of the compounds wasmeasured under the following HPLC conditions.

measurement device: SHIMADZU Corporation LC-10 Avp system

column: CAPSEL PAK C18UG120 S-3 μm, 2.0×50 mm

solvent: Solution A; 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-containing water,

Solution B; 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-containing acetonitrile

gradient cycle: 0.00 min (Solution A/Solution B=90/10), 4.00 min(Solution A/Solution B=5/95), 5.50 min (Solution A/Solution B=5/95),5.51 min (Solution A/Solution B=90/10), 8.00 min (Solution A/SolutionB=90/10)

injection volume: 2 μl

flow rate: 0.5 ml/min

detection method: UV 220 nm

In the Reference Examples and Examples, the purification of thecompounds by preparative HPLC was performed under the followingconditions.

measurement device: Gilson Company Inc., High Throughput PurificationSystem

column: YMC CombiPrep ODS-A, S-5 μm, 50×20 mm

detection method: UV 220 nm

solvent: Solution A; 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-containing water,

Solution B; 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-containing acetonitrile

gradient cycle: representative example 0.00 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTIONB=98/2), 1.00 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=98/2), 5.20 min (SOLUTIONA/SOLUTION B=0/100), 6.40 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=0/100), 6.50 min(SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=98/2), 6.60 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=98/2),flow rate: 25 mL/min, or,0.00 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=90/10), 1.00 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTIONB=90/10), 4.00 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=10/95), 8.50 min (SOLUTIONA/SOLUTION B=10/95), 8.60 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=90/10), 8.70 min(SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=90/10), flow rate: 20 mL/min

In the Reference Examples and Examples, mass spectrum (MS) was measuredunder the following conditions.

measurement device: Micromass platform II or Waters ZMD

ionization method: Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) orelectron impact ionization method (Electron Spray Ionization: ESI)

In Reference Example and Example, HPLC-mass spectrum (LC-MS) wasmeasured under the following conditions.

measurement device: Micromass ZMD, Agilent Technologies HP1100 and 1200LC/MSD

column: CAPCELL PAK C18UG120, S-3 μm, 1.5×35 mm

solvent: SOLUTION A; 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid-containing water,

SOLUTION B; 0.04% trifluoroacetic acid-containing acetonitrile

gradient cycle: 0.00 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=90/10), 2.00 min(SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=5/95), 2.75 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=5/95),2.76 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTION B=90/10), 3.45 min (SOLUTION A/SOLUTIONB=90/10)

injection volume: 2 μL, flow rate: 0.5 mL/min, detection

method: UV 220 nm

ionization method: electron impact ionization method (Electron SprayIonization: ESI)

¹H NMR spectrum was measured using tetramethylsilane as the internalstandard by AVANCE DPX-300 (300 MHz) manufactured by Bruker, AV-300M(300 MHz) manufactured by Bruker and VARIAN Mercury-300 (300 MHz), andall δ values were shown by ppm.

As the Microwave reaction apparatus, Emrys Optimizer, Biotage Japan Ltd.was used.

Unless otherwise specified, the numerical value of mixed solvent shows avolume mixing ratio of each solvent. Unless otherwise specified, % meansweight %. While the room temperature (ambient temperature) in thepresent specification means a temperature of from about 10° C. to about35° C., it is not particularly strictly limited.

Other abbreviations used in the specification mean the following:

s: singlet

d: doublet

t: triplet

q: quartet

m: multiplet

br: broad

J: coupling constant

Hz: hertz

CDCl₃: deuterated chloroform

DMSO-d₆: dimethyl sulfoxide-d₆

CD₃OD: deuterated methanol

¹H-NMR: proton nuclear magnetic resonance

DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide

THF: tetrahydrofuran

WSCD: water-soluble carbodiimide(1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide) hydrochloride

HOBt: 1-hydroxybenzotriazole

mCPBA: m-chloroperbenzoic acid

CDI: N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole

DMT-MM: 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholiniumchloride

DPPA: diphenylphosphoryl azide

MeCN: acetonitrile

Pd(PPh₃)₄: tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)

OTf: [(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy

Me: methyl

Et: ethyl

HATU: O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate

DIPEA: diisopropylethylamine

Reference Example 1 Production of methyl (2Z)-3-aminopent-2-enoate

A mixture of methyl 3-oxovalerate (75.0 g, 576 mmol), ammonium acetate(222 g, 2.88 mmol) and methanol (750 mL) was stirred at room temperaturefor 3 days. After concentration under reduced pressure, and water (500mL) was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with ethylacetate (200 mL). The extract was washed with brine, dried overmagnesium sulfate, concentrated under reduced pressure, and dried togive the title compound (68.5 g, 92%) as a pale-yellow oil.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.06 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 2.09 (2H, q, J=7.6Hz), 3.49 (3H, s), 4.34 (1H, s), 6.94 (1H, s), 7.72 (1H, br s).

Reference Example 2 Production of ethyl6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate

To a solution of the compound of Reference Example 1 (50.0 g, 387 mmol)and diethyl malonate (58.8 mL, 387 mmol) in ethanol (400 mL) was added20% ethanol solution (133 g) of sodium ethoxide, and the mixture wasstirred at 150° C. for 15 hr while evaporating ethanol. After cooling,the obtained solid was collected by filtration, washed with ethylacetate, and dissolved in water. The insoluble material was filteredoff, and the filtrate was acidified with 5N hydrochloric acid, and theprecipitated solid was collected by filtration. The obtained solid waswashed with water and ethyl acetate-hexane to give the title compound(36.4 g, 45%) as a white powder.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.12 (3H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 1.26 (3H, t, J=7.1Hz), 2.42 (2H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 4.25 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 5.79 (1H, s), 11.37(1H, br s), 12.57 (1H, s).

Reference Example 3 Production of ethyl4-chloro-6-ethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 2 (15.0 g, 71.0 mmol) andphosphorus oxychloride (19.9 mL, 213 mmol) was stirred at 80° C. for 30min. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and ice waterwas added to the residue. The precipitated solid was collected byfiltration, and washed with water and ethyl acetate to give the titlecompound (9.80 g, 60%) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.15 (3H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 1.26 (3H, t, J=7.0Hz), 2.44-2.55 (2H, m), 4.25 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 6.26 (1H, s), 12.28 (1H,s).

Reference Example 4 Production of ethyl4-chloro-6-ethyl-2-oxo-1-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 3 (9.50 g, 41.4 mmol),potassium carbonate (13.7 g, 99.2 mmol), phenacyl bromide (9.88 g, 49.6mmol) and DMF (100 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 15 hr. Thereaction mixture was added to water (100 mL), and the mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with brine, driedover magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by aminosilica gel chromatography (eluent; ethylacetate:hexane=1:9→7:3) to give the title compound (1.00 g, 7%) as awhite powder.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.14 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.24 (3H, t, J=7.1Hz), 2.62 (2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 4.25 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.61 (2H, s), 6.44(1H, s), 7.54-7.66 (2H, m), 7.70-7.79 (1H, m), 8.05-8.13 (2H, m).

Reference Example 5 Production of ethyl6-ethyl-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 4 (950 mg, 2.73 mmol),ethyl sarcosinate hydrochloride (839 mg, 5.46 mmol), triethylamine (2.27mL, 16.4 mmol) and ethanol (10 ml) was stirred at 80° C. for 10 hr,triethylamine (2.27 mL, 16.4 mmol) was further added thereto, and themixture was stirred at 100° C. for 15 hr. After cooling, water was addedto the reaction mixture, and the mixture was acidified with 1Nhydrochloric acid, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract waswashed successively with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate,and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bysilica gel chromatography (eluent; ethyl acetate:methanol=10:1) to givethe title compound (698 mg, 67%) as a brown solid.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.18 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.31 (3H, t, J=7.1Hz), 2.56 (2H, q, J=7.6 Hz), 3.80 (3H, s), 4.30 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 5.55(2H, s), 6.43 (1H, s), 7.60 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 7.68-7.79 (1H, m),8.00-8.21 (2H, m), 8.90 (1H, s).

Reference Example 6 Production of ethyl6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-3-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy}-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 5 (300 mg, 0.784 mmol),trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (158 μL, 0.941 mmol) and pyridine(6.0 mL) was stirred at 60° C. for 3 hr under a nitrogen atmosphere.Water (50 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The extract was washed with brine(50 mL), and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The insoluble materialwas removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography(eluate, hexane:ethyl acetate=50:50→0:100) to give the title compound(239 mg, 59%) as a pale-yellow powder. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.20(3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.33 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.60 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 3.95(3H, s), 4.34 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 5.64 (2H, s), 6.64 (1H, s), 7.57-7.68(2H, m), 7.70-7.81 (1H, m), 8.07-8.19 (2H, m).

Reference Example 7 Production of ethyl3-ethenyl-6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 6 (218 mg, 0.424 mmol),tributylvinyltin (328 μL, 1.28 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (148 mg, 0.128 mmol)was stirred at 100° C. for 3 hr under an argon atmosphere. Water (50 mL)was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted withethyl acetate (100 ml). The extract was washed with brine (50 mL), anddried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The insoluble material was removedby filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.The precipitate was collected by filtration, and washed with diisopropylether to give the title compound (120 mg, 72%) as a gray solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.20 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.33 (3

H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.61 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.33 (2H, q,J=7.1 Hz), 5.29-5.43 (1H, m), 5.59 (2H, s), 6.41-6.59 (2H, m), 7.23 (1H,dd, J=17.7, 11.8 Hz), 7.55-7.67 (2H, m), 7.68-7.81 (1H, m), 8.01-8.20(2H, m).

Reference Example 8 Production of ethyl3,6-diethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-1-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 7 (113 mg, 0.288 mmol),10% palladium on carbon (56.5 mg) and methanol (3.4 ml) was stirred atroom temperature for 2 hr under a hydrogen atmosphere. The insolublematerial was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure. The precipitate was collected by filtration, andwashed with diisopropyl ether to give the title compound (41.2 mg, 36%)as a white solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.11-1.23 (6H, m), 1.34 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz),2.75-2.88 (2H, m), 3.16-3.26 (2H, m), 3.79-3.91 (4H, m), 4.16-4.25 (1H,m), 4.30 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 4.87-4.99 (1H, m), 5.56 (1H, d, J=4.2 Hz),6.38 (1H, s), 7.22-7.49 (5H, m).

Reference Example 9 Production of ethyl3,6-diethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 8 (66.1 mg, 0.167 mmol),4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (39.1 mg, 0.941 mmol), tetrapropylammoniumperruthenate (11.7 mg, 33.4 μmol) and MeCN (2.0 mL) was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and theresidue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluate, hexane:ethylacetate=50:500:100) to give the title compound (66.2 mg, 100%) as awhite powder.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.08 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.19 (3H, t, J=7.0Hz), 1.33 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.58 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 3.12 (2H, q, J=7.0Hz), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.30 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 5.58 (2H, s), 6.48 (1H, s),7.56-7.66 (2H, m), 7.69-7.78 (1H, m), 8.06-8.18 (2H, m).

Reference Example 10 Production of3,6-diethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylicacid

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 9 (66.2 mg, 0.168 mmol),8N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.199 mL) and ethanol (2.0 mL) wasstirred at 70° C. for 3 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure, and 1N hydrochloric acid (20 mL) was added to theresidue, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). Theextract was washed with brine (20 mL), and dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate. The insoluble material was removed by filtration, and thefiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the titlecompound (61.0 mg, 99%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.07 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.19 (3H, t, J=7.4Hz), 2.57 (2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 3.11 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 3.87 (3H, s), 5.58(2H, s), 6.46 (1H, s), 7.56-7.66 (2H, m), 7.68-7.78 (1H, m), 8.05-8.17(2H, m), 12.80 (1H, br s).

Reference Example 11 Production of3-ethenyl-6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylicacid

By a method similar to that in Reference Example 10, the title compound(118 g, 100%) was obtained as a brown powder from the compound ofReference Example 7 (120 mg, 0.306 mmol), 8N aqueous sodium hydroxidesolution (0.240 mL), and ethanol (1.6 ml).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.20 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 2.60 (2

H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 3.86 (3H, s), 5.26-5.40 (1H, m), 5.59 (2H, s),6.45-6.64 (2H, m), 7.30 (1H, dd, J=17.8, 11.9 Hz), 7.56-7.67 (2H, m),7.68-7.78 (1H, m), 8.03-8.18 (2H, m), 13.10 (1H, br s).

Reference Example 12 Production of ethyl6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 5 (1.00 g, 2.61 mmol),1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodoethane (1.29 mL, 13.1 mmol), cesium carbonate(4.27 g, 13.1 mmol) and dimethyl sulfoxide (10 mL) was stirred at 100°C. for 5 hr. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate wasdiluted with 1N hydrochloric acid (30 mL), and the mixture was extractedwith ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and brine, driedover magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by aminosilica gel chromatography (eluent;hexane:ethyl acetate=90:10-0:100) to give the title compound (278 mg,23%) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.19 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.28 (3H, t, J=7.1Hz), 2.59 (2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 3.86 (3H, s), 4.26 (2H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 4.83(2H, q, J=9.3 Hz), 5.62 (2H, s), 6.56 (1H, s), 7.61 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz),7.70-7.78 (1H, m), 8.08-8.14 (2H, m).

Reference Example 13 Production of6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylicacid

A solution of the compound of Reference Example 12 (270 mg, 0.581 mmol)and 8N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1 mL) in ethanol (7 mL) wasstirred at 60° C. for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with water,and acidified with 5N hydrochloric acid, and the precipitated solid wascollected by filtration. The obtained solid was washed with water, anddried under reduced pressure to give the title compound (235 mg, 93%) asa white powder.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.19 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.58 (2H, q, J=7.4Hz), 3.86 (3H, s), 4.82 (2H, q, J=9.2 Hz), 5.61 (2H, s), 6.54 (1H, s),7.61 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 7.70-7.77 (1H, m), 8.07-8.16 (2H, m), 12.74 (1H,br s).

Reference Example 14 Production of6-ethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-3-(2,2,2-strifluoroethoxy)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide

To a solution of the compound of Reference Example 13 (230 mg, 0.527mmol), 2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethanol hydrochloride (133 mg,0.685 mmol), HOBt (107 mg, 0.791 mmol) and triethylamine (95.0 μL, 0.685mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added WSCD (152 mg, 0.791 mmol) underice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hr.The reaction mixture was diluted with water, and extracted twice withethyl acetate. The extracts were combined, washed with water and brine,dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was purified by aminosilica gel chromatography (eluent;ethyl acetate:hexane=1:3→100:0), and the obtained solid wasrecrystallized from ethyl acetate-hexane to give the title compound (146mg, 48%) as a white powder.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.13-1.49 (5H, m), 1.82-1.94 (2H, m), 2.59(2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 2.76-2.88 (1H, m), 3.02-3.15 (1H, m), 3.64-3.75 (1H,m), 3.86 (3H, s), 3.96-4.16 (3H, m), 4.20-4.33 (1H, m), 4.53 (1H, t,J=5.4 Hz), 5.05 (2H, q, J=9.3 Hz), 5.63 (2H, s), 6.54 (1H, s), 7.51 (1H,d, J=7.7 Hz), 7.61 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 7.70-7.78 (1H, m), 8.08-8.14 (2H,m).

Reference Example 15 Production of6-ethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-5-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide

To a solution of the compound of Reference Example 14 (100 mg, 0.173mmol) in a mixed solvent of THF (6 mL)-ethanol (2 mL) was added sodiumborohydride (15 mg, 0.396 mmol) under ice-cooling, and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 5 hr. The reaction mixture was pouredinto water, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. Theextract was washed with water and brine, and dried over magnesiumsulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Theobtained solid was recrystallized from acetone-hexane to give the titlecompound (51 mg, 51%) as white crystals.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.18 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.20-1.55% (2H, m),1.81-1.97 (2H, m), 2.68-2.95 (3H, m), 3.01-3.20 (1H, m), 3.70 (1H, br d,J=13.2 Hz), 3.83 (3H, s), 3.85-4.15 (4H, m), 4.18-4.35 (2H, m), 4.50(1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 4.89-5.00 (1H, m), 5.13 (2H, q, J=8.7 Hz), 5.56 (1H,d, J=4.5 Hz), 6.42 (1H, s), 7.20-7.51 (6H, m).

Reference Example 16 Production of ethyl6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 6 (3.70 g, 7.19 mmol),tributylphosphine (146 mg, 0.72 mmol), palladium acetate (161 mg, 0.72mmol), formic acid (993 mg, 21.58 mmol) and triethylamine (2.18 g, 21.58mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was refluxed for 4 hr under an argon atmosphere.Tributylphosphine (1.31 g, 6.45 mmol) and palladium acetate (1.45 g,6.45 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture wasfurther refluxed for 4 hr under an argon atmosphere. The reactionmixture was cooled to room temperature, and diluted with water and ethylacetate. The insoluble material was removed by filtration, and theorganic phase was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicagel chromatography (eluate, hexane/ethyl acetate=1/1) to give the titlecompound (1.10 g, 42%) as a pale-pink powder.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.20 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.31 (3H, t, J=7.1Hz), 2.59 (2H, q, J=7.3 Hz), 3.96 (3H, s), 4.28 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 5.63(2H, s), 6.57 (1H, s), 7.22 (1H, s), 7.61 (2H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 7.74 (1H,t, J=7.4 Hz), 8.09-8.12 (2H, m).

Reference Example 17 Production of6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylicacid

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 16 (147 mg, 0.40 mmol),1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1.2 mL) and ethanol (4 mL)-THF (1mL) was stirred at 60° C. for 1.5 hr. 1N Hydrochloric acid (2 mL) wasadded to the reaction mixture, the mixture was further diluted withwater, and the obtained solid was collected by filtration. The solid waswashed with water, and dried under reduced pressure to give the titlecompound (131 mg, 97%) as a gray powder.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.20 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.59 (2H, q, J=7.4Hz), 3.96 (3H, s), 5.62 (2H, s), 6.55 (1H, s), 7.17 (1H, s), 7.56-7.66(2H, m), 7.68-7.78 (1H, m), 8.07-8.15 (2H, m), 12.76 (1H, s).

Reference Example 18 Production of6-ethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 17 (131 mg, 0.39 mmol),2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethanol hydrochloride (117 mg, 0.60mmol), HOBt (81 mg, 0.60 mmol), WSCD (115 mg, 0.60 mmol) andtriethylamine (0.112 ml, 0.80 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was stirred at roomtemperature for 3 days. The reaction mixture was partitioned betweenwater and ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with brine, driedover magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by aminosilica gel column chromatography (eluate,ethyl acetate/methanol=100/0→80/20), then silica gel chromatography(eluate, ethyl acetate/methanol=100/0→85/15) to give the title compound(239 mg, 59%) as a pale-yellow powder.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.19 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.30-1.56 (2H, m),1.75-1.91 (2H, m), 2.58 (2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 2.69-2.86 (1H, m), 2.98-3.14(1H, m), 3.62-3.78 (1H, m), 3.94 (3H, s), 3.93-4.20 (3H, m), 4.23-4.38(1H, m), 4.51 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 5.63 (2H, s), 6.51 (1H, s), 7.30 (1H,s), 7.56-7.65 (2H, m), 7.69-7.78 (1H, m), 8.07-8.15 (2H, m), 8.21 (1H,d, J=7.9 Hz).

Reference Example 19 Production of benzyl6-ethyl-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 4 (5.00 g, 14.98 mmol),benzyl sarcosinate hydrochloride (6.46 g, 29.96 mmol) and triethylamine(15.15 g, 0.15 mol) in DME (80 mL) was heated under reflux for 24 hr.DBU (2.28 g, 14.98 mmol) was added thereto, and the mixture was furtherheated under reflux for 24 hr. After cooling, the reaction mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitionedbetween 1N hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate-THF. The organic layerwas purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluate, hexane/ethylacetate=1/1), and the obtained solid was washed with diisopropyl etherand dried under reduced pressure to give the title compound (3.41 g,51%) as a beige solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.18 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.56 (2H, q, J=7.2Hz), 3.79 (3H, s), 5.34 (2H, s), 5.56 (2H, s), 6.43 (1H, s), 7.33-7.42(3H, m), 7.47 (2H, dd, J=8.4, 1.8 Hz), 7.60 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 7.73 (1H,t, J=7.5 Hz), 8.09-8.12 (2H, m), 9.01 (1H, s).

Reference Example 20 Production of benzyl6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-3-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy}-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

To a solution of the compound of Reference Example 19 (3.0 g, 6.75 mmol)in pyridine (50 mL) was added trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (1.59mL, 9.45 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 3 hr. Thereaction mixture was diluted with water (250 mL), and the mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with brine, driedover anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(eluate, hexane/ethyl acetate=1/2), and the obtained solid was washedwith diisopropyl ether and dried under reduced pressure to give thetitle compound (2.54 g, 66%) as a pale-yellow solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.19 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 2.59 (2H, q, J=7.3Hz), 3.95 (3H, s), 5.38 (2H, s), 5.64 (2H, s), 6.64 (1H, s), 7.36-7.48(5H, m), 7.61 (2H, t, J=7.7 Hz), 7.74 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 8.10-8.13 (2H,m).

Reference Example 21 Production of benzyl3-[(diphenylmethylidene)amino]-6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of the compound of Reference Example 20 (500 mg, 0.87mmol), benzophenonimine (210 μL), cesium carbonate (565 mg, 1.73 mmol)and toluene (10 mL) were added Pd₂ dba₃ (40 mg, 0.04 mmol) and Xantphos(50 mg, 0.08 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 18 hrunder an argon atmosphere. After cooling, the mixture was filteredthrough Celite, and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was washedwith water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography (eluate, hexane/ethyl acetate=1/1), and theobtained solid was washed with diisopropyl ether and dried under reducedpressure to give the title compound (299 mg, 57%) as a yellow powder.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.17 (3H, t, J=7.1 Hz), 2.44-2.50 (2H, m),3.79 (3H, s), 5.21 (2H, s), 5.51 (2H, d, J=5.7 Hz), 6.37 (1H, s),6.85-7.00 (2H, br), 7.06 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 7.16-7.60 (13H, m), 7.70(1H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 8.06-8.09 (2H, m).

Reference Example 22 Production of benzyl3-amino-6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 21 (280 mg, 0.46 mmol)and 2N hydrochloric acid (1 mL) in THF (4 mL) was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hr. To the mixture was added aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate.The extract was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained solid waswashed with diisopropyl ether and dried under reduced pressure to givethe title compound (177 mg, 87%) as a beige powder.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.17 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.50-2.58 (2H, m),3.75 (3H, s), 5.30 (2H, s), 5.55 (2H, s), 5.85 (2H, br s), 6.37 (1H, s),7.33-7.47 (5H, m), 7.60 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 7.73 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz),8.09-8.11 (2H, m).

Reference Example 23 Production of benzyl6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-3-[(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 22 (170 mg, 0.38 mmol)and trifluoroacetic anhydride (121 mg, 0.57 mmol) in pyridine (3 mL) wasstirred at room temperature for 1 hr. Water was added to the reactionmixture, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extractwas washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained solid was washed withdiisopropyl ether, and dried under reduced pressure to give the titlecompound (185 mg, 90%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.20 (3H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 2.58 (2H, q, J=7.5Hz), 3.94 (3H, s), 5.27 (2H, s), 5.59 (2H, s), 6.57 (1H, s), 7.32-7.43(5H, m), 7.60 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 7.70 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 8.09-8.12 (2H,m), 10.97 (1H, s).

Reference Example 24 Production of benzyl6-ethyl-3-[ethyl(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 23 (160 mg, 0.30 mmol),iodoethane (231 mg, 1.48 mmol) and potassium carbonate (82 mg, 0.60mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 18 hr. Saturatedaqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to the reaction mixture, andthe mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washedwith brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel columnchromatography (eluate, ethyl acetate/hexane=1/1) to give the titlecompound (170 mg, 100%) as a colorless oil.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.97 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.23-1.32 (3H, m),2.53 (2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 3.59-3.70 (1H, m), 3.77-3.86 (1H, m), 3.99 (3H,s), 5.16-5.39 (3H, m), 5.77 (0.8H, d, J=17.7 Hz), 5.95 (0.2H, d, J=17.7Hz), 6.26 (1H, s), 7.34-7.39 (5H, m), 7.50 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 7.59-7.65(1H, m), 8.01-8.04 (2H, m).

Reference Example 25 Production of6-ethyl-3-[ethyl(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylicacid

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 24 (80 mg, 0.14 mmol) and5% palladium on carbon (10 mg) in ethyl acetate (3 mL) was stirred atroom temperature for 1 hr under a hydrogen atmosphere. Methanol (0.5 mL)was added thereto, and the mixture was further stirred under a hydrogenatmosphere at room temperature for 18 hr. The catalyst was filtered off,and the filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound (50 mg,75%) as a pale-yellow oil.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.07 (3H, br s), 1.23-1.30 (3H, m), 2.52 (2H,br d, J=7.2 Hz), 3.70-3.99 (5H, m), 5.43 (1H, d, J=17.7 Hz), 5.79 (1H,d, J=17.7 Hz), 6.31 (1H, s), 7.38-7.63 (3H, m), 8.03 (2H, d, J=7.5 Hz).

Reference Example 26 Production of ethyl3-cyano-6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 6 (100 mg, 0.19 mmol),zinc(II) cyanide (222 mg, 1.90 mmol) andtetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (22 mg, 0.019 mmol) in DMF (3mL) was stirred at 150° C. for 1 hr under microwave irradiation. Aftercooling, the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite, and thefiltrate was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silicagel column chromatography (eluate, ethyl acetate/hexane=1/1-2/1) to givethe title compound (20 mg, 27%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.33 (3H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 1.49 (3H, t, J=7.2Hz), 2.60 (2H, q, J=7.4 Hz), 4.04 (3H, s), 4.47 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 5.62(2H, s), 6.29 (1H, s), 7.51-7.56 (2H, m), 7.63-7.66 (1H, m), 8.05-8.09(2H, m).

Reference Example 27 Production of3-cyano-6-ethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylicacid

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 26 (26 mg, 0.066 mmol)and 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1 mL) in ethanol (2 mL) wasstirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The reaction mixture wasneutralized with 1N hydrochloric acid (2 mL), and further diluted withwater (10 mL). The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed withwater, and dried under reduced pressure to give the title compound (19mg, 79%) as a beige powder.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.20 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.63 (2H, q, J=7.2Hz), 4.00 (3H, s), 5.65 (2H, s), 6.66 (1H, s), 7.62 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz),7.75 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 8.11-8.14 (2H, m).

Example 1 Production of3,6-diethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 10 (61.0 mg, 0.166 mmol),2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethanol hydrochloride (38.9 mg, 0.200mmol), HOBt (44.9 mg, 0.332 mmol), WSCD (63.6 mg, 0.332 mmol),triethylamine (92.0 μL, 0.664 mmol) and DMF (1.8 mL) was stirred at roomtemperature for 20 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, andextracted twice with ethyl acetate. The extracts were combined, washedwith water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by aminosilica gelchromatography (eluent; ethyl acetate), and the obtained solid wasrecrystallized from ethyl acetate to give the title compound (39.2 mg,47%) as a white powder.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.06 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.18 (3H, t, J=7.3Hz), 1.30-1.54 (2H, m), 1.81-1.93 (2H, m), 2.54-2.63 (2H, m), 2.78-2.92(3H, m), 3.01-3.17 (1H, m), 3.59-3.73 (4H, m), 3.99-4.16 (3H, m),4.20-4.31 (1H, m), 4.51 (1H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 5.58 (2H, s), 6.42 (1H, s),7.56-7.65 (2H, m), 7.69-7.77 (1H, m), 8.07-8.15 (2H, m), 8.21 (1H, d,J=7.4 Hz).

Example 2 Production of3-ethenyl-6-ethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide

By a method similar to that in Example 1, the title compound (51.0 mg,31%) was obtained as a white powder from the compound of ReferenceExample 11 (118 mg, 0.324 mmol), 2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethanolhydrochloride (81.9 mg, 0.421 mmol), HOBt (65.7 mg, 0.486 mmol), WSCD(93.2 mg, 0.486 mmol), triethylamine (89.7 μL, 0.648 mmol) and DMF (2.4mL). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.19 (3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.27-1.53 (2H,m), 1.77-1.95 (2H, m), 2.54-2.65 (2H, m), 2.77-2.93 (1H, m), 3.02-3.19(1H, m), 3.57-3.77 (4H, m), 3.96-4.16 (3H, m), 4.19-4.31 (1H, m),4.44-4.58 (1H, m), 5.16 (1H, s), 5.60 (2H, s), 5.96-6.12 (1H, m), 6.47(1H, s), 6.97 (1H, dd, J=17.8, 11.5 Hz), 7.52-7.67 (2H, m), 7.68-7.80(1H, m), 8.04-8.18 (2H, m), 8.62 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz).

Example 3 Production ofN-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-3,6-diethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide

To a 0.19M DMF solution (500 μL, 96 μmol) of N,N-diethylethylenediaminewas added a 0.16M DMF solution (500 μL, 80 μmol) of the compound ofReference Example 10, and a DMF solution (500 μL) of HOBt (120 μmol) andWSCD HCl (120 μmol) was added thereto. The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature overnight and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 mL)and 2% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (2 mL). The organiclayer was collected by upper layer PhaseSeptube (manufactured by WakoPure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). Ethyl acetate was evaporated by blowingnitrogen against it, and the residue was dissolved in DMSO:acetonitrile(1:4) (1000 μL), and the solution was purified by preparative HPLC(acetonitrile-10 mM ammonium carbonate-containing water) to give thetitle compound.

yield: 22.5 mg

LC-MS analysis: purity 98%

MS (ESI+): 465.3 (M+H)

Example 4-Example 30

By a method similar to that in Example 3, the compounds shown in Table 1were obtained from the compound of Reference Example 10 and thecorresponding amine.

TABLE 1 Ex. yield purity MS No. structure (mg) (%) (ESI+)  4

17.8 98 437.3  5

22.8 96 451.3  6

24.3 100 463.3  7

21.8 100 464.2  8

24.4 90 464.2  9

20.6 100 464.3 10

11.8 100 464.2 11

24.1 100 424.2 12

20.4 85 438.2 13

24.9 100 452.2 14

26.6 100 450.2 15

10.4 100 464.2 16

14.1 100 477.2 17

13.0 100 477.2 18

4.7 100 472.2 19

2.1 100 449.2 20

23.9 100 477.2 21

15.2 100 511.3 22

24.9 99 534.2 23

4.6 100 451.2 24

17.3 100 477.2 25

22.0 100 438.2 26

21.8 99 438.2 27

8.1 100 404.2 28

22.1 99 446.1 29

13.8 100 488.2 30

12.4 100 438.2

Example 31 Production of3,6-diethyl-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-N-(pyridin-4-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide

To a DMF solution (500 μL, 80 μmol) of pyridine-4-amine was added a0.16M DMF solution (500 μL, 80 μmol) of the compound of ReferenceExample 10, and a DMF solution (500 μL) of HATU (160 μmol) and DIPEA(160 μmol) was added thereto. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C.overnight and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 mL) and 2% aqueous sodiumhydrogen carbonate solution (2 mL). The organic layer was collected byupper layer PhaseSeptube (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd.). Ethyl acetate was evaporated by blowing nitrogen against it, andthe residue was dissolved in DMSO:acetonitrile (1:4) (1000 μL), and thesolution was purified by preparative HPLC (acetonitrile-10 mM ammoniumcarbonate-containing water) to give the title compound.

yield: 0.9 mg

LC-MS analysis: purity 100%

MS (ESI+): 443.2 (M+H)

Example 32 Production of6-ethyl-3-(ethylamino)-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 25 (50 mg, 0.10 mmol),2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethanol hydrochloride (24 mg, 0.13 mmol),HOBt (21 mg, 0.16 mmol), WSCD (30 mg, 0.16 mmol) and triethylamine (21mg, 0.21 mmol) in DMF (2 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2 days.The reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate, and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The extracts werecombined, washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified byaminosilica gel column chromatography (eluate, ethyl acetate) to give6-ethyl-3-[ethyl(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide(40 mg, 65%) as a colorless amorphous solid. A mixture of the6-ethyl-3-[ethyl(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide(40 mg, 0.065 mmol) and potassium carbonate (18 mg, 0.13 mmol) inmethanol (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hr. Water (10 mL)was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethylacetate and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the organiclayer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized fromethyl acetate-hexane to give the title compound (22 mg, 65%) as beigecrystals.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.08 (3H, t, J=6.9 Hz), 1.18 (3H, t, J=7.4Hz), 1.27-1.50 (2H, m), 1.89 (2H, d, J=12.9 Hz), 2.56 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz),2.86 (1H, t, J=11.4 Hz), 2.95-3.05 (2H, m), 3.10 (1H, t, J=11.4 Hz),3.66 (1H, d, J=11.7 Hz), 3.79 (3H, s), 3.99-4.14 (3H, m), 4.23 (1H, d,J=13.8 Hz), 4.51 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 4.75 (1H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 5.57 (2H,s), 6.44 (1H, s), 7.60 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 7.73 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz),8.09-8.12 (2H, m), 8.53 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz).

Example 33 Production of3-cyano-6-ethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamide

A mixture of the compound of Reference Example 27 (16 mg, 0.044 mmol),2-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethanol hydrochloride (13 mg, 0.066mmol), HOBt (9 mg, 0.066 mmol), WSCD (13 mg, 0.066 mmol) andtriethylamine (13 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was stirred at roomtemperature for 3 days. The reaction mixture was diluted with saturatedaqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and extracted 3 times with ethylacetate. The extracts were combined, washed with brine, dried overmagnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by aminosilica gel column chromatography (eluate, ethylacetate, ethyl acetate/methanol=20/1-10/1), and recrystallized fromethyl acetate-hexane to give the title compound (17 mg, 77%) as whitecrystals.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.20 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.30-1.60 (2H, m),1.88 (2H, d, J=15.6 Hz), 2.63 (2H, q, J=7.2

Hz), 2.97 (1H, t, J=10.8 Hz), 3.14 (1H, t, J=11.6 Hz), 3.69 (1H, d,J=13.2 Hz), 3.83 (3H, s), 4.05-4.20 (4H, m), 4.54 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz),5.66 (2H, s), 6.64 (1H, s), 7.62 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 7.75 (1H, t, J=7.5Hz), 8.10-8.13 (2H, m), 8.93 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz).

Formulation Example 1

A medicament containing the compound of the present invention as anactive ingredient can be produced, for example, based on the followingcomposition.

1. capsule (1) the compound obtained in Example 1  40 mg (2) lactose  70mg (3) crystalline cellulose  9 mg (4) magnesium stearate  1 mg 1capsule 120 mg

(1), (2), (3) and ½ of (4) are blended and granulated. Thereto is addedthe rest of (4) and the total amount is filled in a gelatin capsule.

2. tablet (1) the compound obtained in Example 1   40 mg (2) lactose  58 mg (3) cornstarch   18 mg (4) crystalline cellulose  3.5 mg (5)magnesium stearate  0.5 mg 1 tablet  120 mg

(1), (2), (3), ⅔ of (4) and ½ of (5) are blended and granulated. Theretois added the rest of (4) and (5) and the mixture is compression formedto give a tablet.

Formulation Example 2

The compound obtained in Example 1 (50 mg) is dissolved in the JapanesePharmacopoeia distilled water for injection (50 ml), and the JapanesePharmacopoeia distilled water for injection is added to 100 ml. Thesolution is filtered under sterile conditions, and 1 ml of the solutionis filled in an injection vial under sterile conditions, andfreeze-dried and sealed.

Genetic operation methods described in Experimental Examples below arebased on the methods described in a book (Maniatis et al., MolecularCloning, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1989), and the appended protocolof the reagent.

Experimental Example 1. Construction of Gli Reporter Plasmid

Gli reporter plasmid was constructed by inserting 8× Gli-binding siteand chicken δ-crystalline promoter into the upstream of luc+ of pGL3(Promega).

δ-Crystalline promoter was cloned by PCR method using, as a primer set,synthetic DNAs

(SEQ ID NO: 1) 5′-GAAGATCTGCCAGCCCAGGCTCCGGGGC-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 2)5′-CCCAAGCTTCTGCCCGCACAGCCCTGCTC-3′prepared in reference to the base sequence described in GenBankaccession No.; X02187, and chicken genome DNA (Clontech) as a template.PCR reaction was performed using Pfu Turbo (Stratagene) and followingthe attached protocol. The obtained 108 bp fragment was digested withrestriction enzymes BglII and HindIII, and inserted into BglII-HindIIIsite of pGL3 to give plasmid pGL3/δ-cry promoter.

As 8× Gli-binding site, a sequence containing eight 9-bp Gli boundconsensus sequences (GACCACCCA) described in Yoon et al., J. Biol.Chem., vol. 273, pages 3496-3501 (1998) was prepared from synthetic DNA.That is, two synthetic DNAs,

(SEQ ID NO: 3) 5′-GGGGTACCGACCACCCAGACCACCCAGACCACCCAGACCACCCAGACCACCCAGACCACCCAGACCACCCAGACCACCCAAGATCTTC-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4)5′-GAAGATCTTGGGTGGTCTGGGTGGTCTGGGTGGTCTGGGTGGTCTGGGTGGTCTGGGTGGTCTGGGTGGTCTGGGTGGTCGGTACCCC-3′were heat treated at 95° C. for 2 minutes, and incubated at 37° C. for 1hr for annealing to give a double stranded DNA of the above-mentionedtwo synthetic DNAs. The obtained double stranded DNA was digested withrestriction enzymes BglII and KpnI, and the obtained DNA fragment wasinserted into BglII-KpnI site of pGL3/δ-cry promoter to constructplasmid pGL3/δ-cry promoter, 8× Gli binding site, i.e., Gli reporterplasmid.

2. Construction of Plasmid for Expression of Mouse Shh-N End Fragment

As a material for construction of plasmid for Shh-N end fragmentexpression, mouse Shh cDNA was cloned at first.

The mouse Shh cDNA was cloned by Nested PCR method using mouse 11-dayfetus cDNA (Clontech) as a template. The primer sequence was prepared inreference to the base sequence described in GenBank accession No.;NM_(—)009170.

As the primer set for 1^(st) PCR,

(SEQ ID NO: 5) 5′-CTGGGTGGGGATCGGAGACA-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6)5′-GCGCTTTCCCATCAGTTCCTTATT-3′were used, and as the primer set for 2^(nd) PCR,

(SEQ ID NO: 7) 5′-GGGGTACCATGCTGCTGCTGCTGGCCA-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 8)5′-GCTCTAGATCAGCTGGACTTGACCGCCA-3′were used. PCR reaction was performed using Pfu Turbo (Stratagene) andfollowing the attached protocol. The resulting PCR product was cloned bypcDNA3.1 (+) (Invitrogen), and the inserted base sequence was confirmed.

Using the mouse Shh cDNA sequence obtained as mentioned above as atemplate, a partial cDNA sequence wherein stop codon (TGA) was added to3′-terminal of cDNA sequence encoding 1st to 198th amino acid sequenceof mouse Shh was obtained by PCR method. As the primer set,

(SEQ ID NO: 9) 5′-ATGCTGCTGCTGCTGGCCAG-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 10)5′-TCAGCCGCCGGATTTGGCCG-3′were used.

PCR reaction was performed using Pfu Turbo (Stratagene) and followingthe attached protocol. The obtained PCR product was cloned by pcDNA3.1(+) (Invitrogen), and the inserted base sequence was confirmed.

In the manner mentioned above, a plasmid for mouse Shh-N end fragmentexpression, pcDNA3.1/mShh-N, was constructed.

3. Production of Recombinant Type Mouse Shh-N End Fragment

HEK293 cells were grown in D-MEM medium (Invitrogen) containing 10%fetal bovine serum in a 10 cm dish and pcDNA3.1/mShh-N was introducedinto the cells using FuGENE6 (Roche Applied Science). Thereafter, theHEK293 cells were cultured in a carbon dioxide gas incubator at 37° C.for 24 hours, and the medium was exchanged with D-MEM medium(Invitrogen) containing 2% fetal bovine serum. After culturing for 48hr, a culture supernatant containing recombinant type mouse Shh-N endfragment was obtained by filtration using a filter (0.22 μM).

4. Introduction of Plasmid for Gli-1 Expression and Reporter Plasmidinto NIH-3T3 Cells and Production of Expressing Cells

Using D-MEM (Invitrogen) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, expressionplasmid pcDNA3.1 and Gli reporter plasmid (pGL3/δ-cry promoter, 8× Glibinding site) produced by the method of Experimental Example 1 wereintroduced into NIH-3T3 cells grown in a 10 cm dish by the use ofFuGENE6 (Roche Applied Science).

After culture for 24 hr, the cells were recovered, suspended in D-MEMmedium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and supplemented with Geneticin(Life Technologies Oriental, Inc.) to a final concentration of 500μg/ml, diluted to 10⁴ cells/ml, plated on a 96 well plate, and culturedin a carbon dioxide gas incubator at 37° C. to give Geneticin resistanttransformed cell line.

The obtained transformed cell line was cultured in a 96 well plate,mouse Shh-N end fragment obtained in Experimental Example 3 was added,and NIH-3T3/Gli reporter cell, which is a cell line capable of inductionof luciferase expression, was selected.

5. Evaluation of Compound

NIH-3T3/Gli reporter cells cultured in D-MEM (Invitrogen) containing 10%fetal bovine serum were plated in a 96 well white plate at 1×10⁴cells/well, and cultured overnight in a carbon dioxide gas incubator at37° C. The medium was removed, a compound (50 μl) and culturesupernatant of mouse Shh-N end fragment-expressing HEK293 (D-MEM mediumcontaining 2% fetal bovine serum, 50 μl) were added, and the cells werecultured for 48 hr in a carbon dioxide gas incubator at 37° C.Bright-Glo (Promega, 50 μl) was added, and the mixture was stirred,after which luciferase activity was measured by EnVision (PerkinElmer).The inhibition rate was calculated based on the luciferase activity ofthe control without addition of the compound as 100. The results areshown in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2 Example inhibitory rate (%) at 1 μM 1 100 2 100 32 98

From the above-mentioned results, the compound of the present inventionwas shown to have a superior Smo inhibitory action.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Since the compound of the present invention shows a superior Smoinhibitory action, a clinically useful agent for the prophylaxis ortreatment of diseases related to Smo (e.g., cancer etc.) can beprovided. In addition, since the compound of the present invention isalso superior in the efficacy expression, pharmacokinetics, solubility,interaction with other pharmaceutical products, safety and stability, itis useful as a medicament.

This application is based on patent application No. 2009-195784 filed inJapan, the contents of which are encompassed in full herein.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A compound represented by formula (D1):

wherein X^(D) is NR^(D1) wherein R^(D1) is methyl; Y^(D) is CR^(D7)wherein R^(D7) is a hydrogen atom, or a nitrogen atom; R^(D2) is acarbamoyl group having 1 or 2 substituents selected from (1) a 4- to7-membered non-aromatic heterocyclic group optionally having 1 to 3substituents selected from (a) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to3 hydroxy groups, (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl-carbonyl group optionally having 1 to3 hydroxy groups, and (c) an oxo group; (2) a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl groupoptionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from (a) a hydroxy group,(b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups, (c) acarbamoyl group, (d) a C₂₋₆ alkynyl group, and (e) a 5- to 6-memberedaromatic heterocyclic group; (3) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group having onesubstituent selected from (a) a C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonyl group optionallyhaving 1 to 3 C₁₋₆ alkoxy groups, (b) an amino group having one C₁₋₆alkyl-carbonyl group optionally having 1 to 3 hydroxy groups, (c) anamino group having 1 or 2 C₁₋₆ alkyl groups optionally having 1 to 3hydroxy groups, (d) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl group optionally having 1 to 3 C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl groups, (e) a 4- to 7-membered non-aromatic heterocyclicgroup optionally having 1 to 3 oxo groups, (f) a 5- to 6-memberedaromatic heterocyclic group, (g) a hydroxy group, and (h) a C₁₋₆ alkoxygroup; (4) a 5- to 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group; and (5) aC₂₋₆ alkynyl group; R^(D3) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group or a C₂₋₆ alkenylgroup; R^(D5) is (1) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3substituents selected from (a) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl-carbonyl group, (b) a C₆₋₁₀aryl group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from (i) ahalogen atom, and (ii) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group, and (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy groupoptionally having 1 to 3 C₆₋₁₀ aryl groups; (2) a C₆₋₁₀ aryl groupoptionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from (a) a halogen atom,(b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group optionally having 1 to 3 halogen atoms, and (c) aC₁₋₆ alkoxy group; or (3) a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromaticheterocyclic group optionally having 1 to 3 substituents selected from(a) a halogen atom, (b) a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, and (c) a C₁₋₆ alkoxy group;and R^(D6) is a C₁₋₆ alkyl group, or a salt thereof.
 2. The compound orsalt of claim 1, wherein Y^(D) is CR^(D7), wherein R^(D7) is a hydrogenatom. 3.3,6-Diethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamideor a salt thereof. 4.3-Ethenyl-6-ethyl-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamideor a salt thereof. 5.6-Ethyl-3-(ethylamino)-N-[1-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1-methyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxamideor a salt thereof.
 6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising thecompound or salt of claim 1 and at least one pharmacologicallyacceptable carrier.
 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, whichis an Smo inhibitor.
 8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising thecompound or salt of claim 3 and at least one pharmacologicallyacceptable carrier.
 9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising thecompound or salt of claim 4 and at least one pharmacologicallyacceptable carrier.
 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising thecompound or salt of claim 5 and at least one pharmacologicallyacceptable carrier.